journal article·2025-01-14

Flexible Electrode Arrays Based on a Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Chronic Implantable Multiplexed Sensing and Heart Pacemakers

Thanh An Truong, Xinghao Huang, Matthew Barton, Aditya Ashok, Amr Al Abed, Reem Almasri, Mohit N. Shivdasanic, Ronak Reshamwala, Joshua Ingles, Mai Thanh Thai, Chi Cong Nguyen, Sinuo Zhao, Xiuwen Zhang, Zi Gu, Arya Vasanth, Shuhua Peng, Tuan-Khoa Nguyen, Nho Do, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Hangbo Zhao, Hoang-Phuong Phan

ACS Nano· Volume 19· Issue 1
Publisher page

Abstract

Implantable systems with chronic stability, high sensing performance, and extensive spatial-temporal resolution are a growing focus for monitoring and treating several diseases such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, and cardiac arrhythmias. These systems demand exceptional bendability, scalable size, durable electrode materials, and well-encapsulated metal interconnects. However, existing chronic implantable bioelectronic systems largely rely on materials prone to corrosion in biofluids, such as silicon nanomembranes or metals. This study introduces a multielectrode array featuring a wide bandgap (WBG) material as electrodes, demonstrating its suitability for chronic implantable applications. Our devices exhibit excellent flexibility and longevity, taking advantage of the low bending stiffness and chemical inertness in WBG nanomembranes and multimodalities for physical health monitoring, including temperature, strain, and impedance sensing. Our top-down manufacturing process enables the formation of distributed electrode arrays that can be seamlessly integrated onto the curvilinear surfaces of skins. As proof of concept for chronic cardiac pacing applications, we demonstrate the effective pacing functionality of our devices on rabbit hearts through a set of ex vivo experiments. The engineering approach proposed in this study overcomes the drawbacks of prior WBG material fabrication techniques, resulting in an implantable system with high bendability, effective pacing, and high-performance sensing.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Neuroscience and Neural Engineering · Conducting polymers and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States

School of Nursing & Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4215, Australia

Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4215, Australia

Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia

Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

College of Engineering and Computer Science and VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center, Vin University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland 4111, Australia

Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States

Funding

Australian Research Council

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