Electrically Tunable Nonequilibrium Optical Response of Graphene

Eva A. A. Pogna; Andrea Tomadin; Osman Balci; Giancarlo Soavi; Ioannis Paradisanos; Michele Guizzardi; Paolo Pedrinazzi; Sandro Mignuzzi; Klaas-Jan Tielrooij; Marco Polini; Andrea C. Ferrari; Giulio Cerullo

doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c04937

journal article·2022-03-22Open access

Electrically Tunable Nonequilibrium Optical Response of Graphene

Eva A. A. Pogna, Andrea Tomadin, Osman Balci, Giancarlo Soavi, Ioannis Paradisanos, Michele Guizzardi, Paolo Pedrinazzi, Sandro Mignuzzi, Klaas-Jan Tielrooij, Marco Polini, Andrea C. Ferrari, Giulio Cerullo

ACS Nano· Volume 16· Issue 3

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Source abstract

Abstract

The ability to tune the optical response of a material via electrostatic gating is crucial for optoelectronic applications, such as electro-optic modulators, saturable absorbers, optical limiters, photodetectors, and transparent electrodes. The band structure of single layer graphene (SLG), with zero-gap, linearly dispersive conduction and valence bands, enables an easy control of the Fermi energy, E_F, and of the threshold for interband optical absorption. Here, we report the tunability of the SLG nonequilibrium optical response in the near-infrared (1000-1700 nm/0.729-1.240 eV), exploring a range of E_F from -650 to 250 meV by ionic liquid gating. As E_F increases from the Dirac point to the threshold for Pauli blocking of interband absorption, we observe a slow-down of the photobleaching relaxation dynamics, which we attribute to the quenching of optical phonon emission from photoexcited charge carriers. For E_F exceeding the Pauli blocking threshold, photobleaching eventually turns into photoinduced absorption, because the hot electrons' excitation increases the SLG absorption. The ability to control both recovery time and sign of the nonequilibrium optical response by electrostatic gating makes SLG ideal for tunable saturable absorbers with controlled dynamics.

Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

Nanomaterials Electronic materials

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Advanced Memory and Neural Computing · Mechanical and Optical Resonators

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy

Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy

Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.

Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany

L-NESS, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, Como 22100, Italy

Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Laboratories, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy

Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council · Daimler und Benz Stiftung · European Commission · Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad · Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft · FP7 Ideas: European Research Council · H2020 European Research Council · ERC · IAE · RYC

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