Carbon nanotubes in perovskite solar cells: A comprehensive review of recent developments and future directions

Hybrid perovskites have been extensively employed as the light-absorbing layer in a variety of optoelectronic devices due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, before these devices are employed, their performance has to be improved, and several specific fixes could be developed. The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has proven to be the most versatile and adaptable technique among them. In devices, CNTs may be added to different components, employed as conducting substrates/electrodes, increased charge extraction/transport, stability and flexibility, and more. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a promising new type of photovoltaic device made of metal-halide, exhibit enormous promise. Nevertheless, while there is certain progress in the field, the question of how to achieve perfect efficiency, stability, and affordability remains a big problem. The key to overcoming these challenges is creating novel materials and altering conventional gadget components. As a potential material for incredibly efficient PSCs, carbon nanotubes have attained a great deal because of their remarkable optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. CNTs are used in PSCs due to their adaptability, which allows them to improve device performance and endurance and meet a variety of applications. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest advancements in carbon nanotube technology and its applications, including its use as transparent conductive electrodes, charge transporters, interlayers, hole transport materials, and back electrodes in perovskite solar cells. Finally, the review highlights the main issues and provides suggestions for future improvements in carbon nanotube-based perovskite solar cells.