Trion-Species-Resolved Quantum Beats in MoSe₂

Monolayer photonic materials offer a tremendous potential for on-chip optoelectronic devices. Their realization requires knowledge of optical coherence properties of excitons and trions that have so far been limited to nonlinear optical experiments carried out with strongly inhomogeneously broadened material. Here we employ h-BN-encapsulated and electrically gated MoSe 2 to reveal coherence properties of trion species directly in the linear optical response. Autocorrelation measurements reveal long dephasing times up to T 2 = 1.16 ± 0.05 ps for positively charged excitons. Gate-dependent measurements provide evidence that the positively charged trion forms via spatially localized hole states, making this trion less prone to dephasing in the presence of elevated hole carrier concentrations. Quantum beat signatures demonstrate coherent coupling between excitons and trions that have a dephasing time up to 0.6 ps, a 2-fold increase over those in previous reports. A key merit of the prolonged exciton/trion coherences is that they were achieved in a linear optical experiment and thus are directly relevant to applications in nanolasers, coherent control, and on-chip quantum information processing requiring long photon coherence.