Grain‐Size‐Controlled Resistive Switching Memories Enabling Domain‐Specific Functionality for Real‐Time Video Signal Processing

ABSTRACT Conventional neuromorphic platforms often rely on heterogeneous device integration to deliver multiple functionalities, a strategy that increases system complexity and hinders scalability. Here, we present a platform based on a grain‐size‐controlled resistive switching memory (RSM) array incorporating a Sn‐halide perovskite thin film. A photo‐thermochemical process produces laterally varying grain sizes and therefore spatially graded grain‐boundary densities across the array. This intentionally introduced structural heterogeneity produces domain‐dependent volatile threshold‐switching behavior and short‐term neural dynamics, since local grain‐boundary density controls conductive‐filament formation and ionic transport. As a result, time‐dependent processing primitives—nonlinear conductance modulation, relaxation dynamics, integrate‐and‐fire responses, and signal separability—arise intrinsically and differentially across spatial domains, with their characteristics finely tunable via grain‐boundary density. We validate the approach in a real‐time spatiotemporal signal‐processing system for autonomous‐driving tasks, illustrating that grain‐boundary engineering provides a scalable, fabrication‐friendly route to embed diverse temporal functions within a single RSM array.