journal article·2026-07

A Facile Direct C‐H Arylation Approach Enables Low‐Band Gap Completely Non‐Fused Ring Acceptors for High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Nizamuddin Shaik, Hemalatha Maricherla, Nousheen Syed, Ravulakollu Srinivasa Rao, Bommaramoni Yadagiri, Rahul Singhal, Mahesh Kumar Ravva, Ganesh D. Sharma, Kamatham Narayanaswamy

Small· Volume 22· Issue 37
Publisher page

Abstract

ABSTRACT Developing environmentally benign and efficient non‐fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) with simplified molecular structures and reduced synthetic complexities is a key objective for advancing OSC technology. In conventional NFREA synthesis, typically relies on Stille/Suzuki coupling, which suffers from poor atom economy, multiple steps, high cost, and environmental concerns. Herein, we report a series of A‐D‐A type fully NFREAs, namely SN‐4, SN‐5, and SN‐6 were designed and synthesized in three steps via a direct C‐H arylation strategy that avoids fused‐ring construction and hazardous organotin reagents. These acceptors exhibit narrow optical bandgaps (∼1.44 eV) with strong near‐infrared light absorption, enabling superior light‐harvesting. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal pronounced terminal‐terminal interactions, highlighting the pivotal role of end‐group interactions in governing molecular packing. Among the series, the binary device based on PM6:SN‐6 achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.86% under green‐solvent processing, surpassing SN‐4 (7.85%) and SN‐5 (12.88%) owing to enhanced charge transport, low radiative energy losses, and reduced trap‐assisted recombination. This work demonstrates a sustainable, efficient, and scalable pathway for developing low‐cost, narrow‐bandgap, high‐performance NFREAs, and advancing their potential for future organic photovoltaic applications.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics · Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research · TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemistry SRM University‐ AP Amaravati Andhra Pradesh India

Department of Polymers and Functional Materials CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Hyderabad India

Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology Gliwice Poland

Centre For Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics (CONE) Silesian University of Technology Gliwice Poland

Department of Physics Malviya National Institute of Technology JLN Marg Jaipur India

Department of Physics and Electronics Communication Engineering The LNM Institute of Information Technology Jaipur India

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