journal article·2026-06Open access

Giant Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Crystal Orientation Restructured Quasi‐Epitaxial BaTiO 3 Films on Silicon Substrates

Wenzhong Ji, Teng Lu, Richard F. Webster, David L. Cortie, Felipe Kremer, Li Li, Hua Chen, Terry J. Frankcombe, Robert G. Elliman, Qian Li, Richard D. Tilley, Yun Liu

Small· Volume 22· Issue 31

Abstract

ABSTRACT The bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect in ferroelectric (FE) materials enables the direct conversion and exchange of information between the optical and electrical domains in applications such as photonic computing and photodetection. Although the above‐bandgap open‐circuit voltage in the FE BPV effect permits a much higher photovoltage in comparison to the semiconductor PV effect, there are still challenges. For example, when requiring a reduction in the thickness of materials for device fabrication and integration, the photovoltage tends to diminish. In this paper, we demonstrate that interfacial strain‐induced structurally orientated domains can enhance the BPV effect of FE films, with a 50 nm thick BaTiO 3 film, grown on a silicon substrate, shown to exhibit an open‐circuit photovoltage of over 1.07 V – the highest reported value for traditional ferroelectric films under 300 nm thickness. This work offers new insights into the role of crystal orientation in FE BPVs as well as points to the potential use of ferroelectric materials in various photoelectrical applications, such as high‐speed data processing and transmission in photonic computing systems, when integrated with silicon.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Dielectric materials and actuators

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia

Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre and School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia

Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Sydney New South Wales Australia

Centre for Advanced Microscopy The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia

Department of Electronic Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia

Australian National Fabrication Facility ACT Node The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia

School of Science University of New South Wales Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia

State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre and School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia

Funding

Australian National Fabrication Facility · Australian Research Council

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