Large‐Scale Ferroelectric Ceramic Wafer Achieved by Sintering Strategies for Sensitive High‐Temperature Self‐Powered X‐ray Detection

ABSTRACT Self‐powered X‐ray detectors, known for their miniaturization, portability, and low energy consumption, are highly suitable for security screening and industrial inspection under extreme conditions. In this work, the ferroelectric ceramic 0.55Pb(Ni _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ ‐0.135PbZrO ₃ ‐0.315PbTiO ₃ (PNN‐PZT) was prepared using the solid‐state sintering method. The obtained material exhibits a high resistivity of 5.9 × 10 ¹² Ω cm and a notable carrier mobility‐lifetime product ( µτ ) of 5.22 × 10 ⁻⁴ cm ² V ⁻¹ , which collectively ensures a suppressed dark current and a high charge collection efficiency. At room temperature, the detector demonstrates a remarkable self‐powered sensitivity of 135 µC Gy _air ⁻¹ cm ⁻² , surpassing that of a commercial amorphous selenium detector ( µτ product ∼ 10 ⁻⁷ cm ² V ⁻¹ , sensitivity ∼ 20 µC Gy _air ⁻¹ cm ⁻² ), which highlights its potential for self‐powered detection applications. Moreover, the material achieves a detection limit of 316 nGy _air s ⁻¹ and exhibits excellent long‐term operational stability. Notably, at an elevated temperature of 150°C, the sensitivity of PNN‐PZT ceramics increases to 248 µC Gy _air ⁻¹ cm ⁻² , and the detection limit decreases to 6.76 nGy _air s ⁻¹ . This breakthrough broadens the material scope for self‐powered X‐ray detection, paving the way for developing low‐cost, highly stable, and environmentally adaptable detectors capable of high‐temperature operation.