Dynamic Liposome Sensing Platform to Wirelessly Ensure Nucleic Acid Encapsulation via Non‐Contact Perception

Abstract The demand for a high‐throughput and noncontact monitoring system to guarantee the payload of nucleic acid in liposomes is rapidly increasing for raising efficiency in gene therapeutics. Herein, inspired by electroreceptors of elasmobranch fishes, a dynamic liposome sensing (DLs) platform is developed by implementing the electret layer (CYTOP)‐coated single‐walled carbon nanotube‐based thin film transistor ( e SWCNT‐TFT) which can monitor differences of the net‐charge on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐loaded liposomes. The SWCNT‐TFTs are roll‐to‐roll (R2R) printed on plastic film and then, simply laminated by the droplet microfluidic chip to optimize the aqueous droplet lengths by controlling a ratio of injecting speed between oil to aqueous solution. The buffer solution, DNA‐free liposomes, and DNA‐loaded liposomes respectively induced different electrostatic potentials on e SWCNT‐TFTs without direct contact with the electret layer, thereby shifting the threshold voltage (V _th ). The DLs platform's integrated wireless communication module can monitor DNA‐loaded liposome droplets with encapsulation efficiency of up to 87.3 ± 3.2% with a sensitivity of 18.61 nA ppm ⁻¹ per single droplet at a flow rate of 1 µL min ⁻¹ . It can be scaled up by adding more microfluidic droplet channels on e SWCNT‐TFT arrays, making it especially useful for in‐situ checks of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)‐based vaccines just before bottling.