journal article·2025-02Open access

Donor‐Interacting Arylated Carbazole Self‐Assembled Monolayer Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics

Yiwen Wang, Wenlin Jiang, Le Mei, Xiankai Chen, Min Sun, Chieh‐Ting Lin, Rui Zhang, Gengxin Du, Weiming Qiu, Xi Yang, Qunping Fan, Hin‐Lap Yip, Francis R. Lin, Alex K.‐Y. Jen

Small· Volume 21· Issue 6

Abstract

Abstract Carbazole‐derived self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising materials for hole‐extraction layer (HEL) in conventional organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a SAM Cbz‐2Ph derived from 3,6‐diphenylcarbazole is demonstrated. The large molecular dipole moment of Cbz‐2Ph allows the modulation of electrode work function to facilitate hole extraction and maximize photovoltage, thus improving the OPV performance. Additionally, the flanking aryls of Cbz‐2Ph help establish CH‐π interactions for forming a dense and well‐organized SAM HEL and exhibit stronger van der Waals interactions with the donor PM6 than acceptor BTP‐eC9. The stronger SAM‐donor interactions modulate the PM6 distribution in PM6:BTP‐eC9 bulk‐heterojunction film, leading to PM6 enrichment near HEL to facilitate efficient hole extraction to the ITO anode in conventional p–i–n OPVs. Consequently, binary PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based devices incorporating the Cbz‐2Ph HEL demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 19.18%. These cells also showcase excellent operational stability, with a T80 lifetime of ≈1260 h at the maximum power point, over 10 times longer than those using the traditional PEDOT:PSS HEL (T80 ≈96 h). Furthermore, the universal applicability of Cbz‐2Ph as a HEL is evident through its successful implementation in PM6:BTP‐eC9:L8‐BO‐F‐based ternary devices and PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based printed OPV devices, achieving a PCE of 19.30% and 16.96%, respectively.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics · Perovskite Materials and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of New Energy Technology College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China

Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE) City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China

Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 40227 Taiwan

Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping SE‐581 83 Sweden

Guangzhou Chasinglight Technology Co. Ltd Guangzhou 510535 China

State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

Funding

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province · Innovation and Technology Commission - Hong Kong · National Science and Technology Council · National Natural Science Foundation of China

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