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journal article·2025-06Open access

Alkylammonium Salt as Additives to Expand the Processing Window of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Made in Ambient Air

Jing Lv, Jilin Wang, Yuanhang Cheng, Jiaonan Sun, Menglan Lv, Ke Jin, Fei Long, Aurora Rizzo, Feng Hao, Keyou Yan, Jingjing Chang, Chenyi Yi, Junqiao Ding, Yong Ding, Chuantian Zuo, Liming Ding

Small· Volume 21· Issue 24
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Abstract

Abstract Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskites are critical for advancing tandem solar cell technology, yet their fabrication remains constrained by narrow processing windows and environmental instability. A synergistic alkylammonium salt additive strategy coupled with a mild gas‐flow‐assisted crystallization method is presented to produce ambient‐air‐processed WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with improved reproducibility and scalability. Co‐utilizing long‐chain alkylammonium chlorides (xACls) and methylammonium chloride (MACl) reduced gas‐flow speed requirements while expanding the crystallization kinetics window, suppressing non‐radiative recombination and defects, which are verified by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), in situ UV–vis spectroscopy, and XRD. High‐quality Cs 0.2 FA 0.8 PbI 2.3 Br 0.7 films are successfully prepared under a low gas flow speed (≈2.7 m s −1 ), which is much lower than the traditional gas quenching method (>26 m s −1 ). Cs 0.2 FA 0.8 PbI 2.3 Br 0.7 solar cells made by using 12ACl/MACl additives yielded a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.72% ( V oc : 1.238 V), which is among the highest efficiency for WBG PSCs made in ambient air. This method has the advantages of high humidity tolerance (PCE >19% for cells made under 20–65% RH), compatibility with cost‐effective fan drying, elimination of anti‐solvents, and >70% inert gas‐flow intensity reduction, establishing an eco‐friendly scalable protocol that bridges lab‐to‐industry translation for high‐performance WBG PSCs.
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Research context

Electronic materials

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 P. R. China

Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China

School of New Energy Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangyin Jiangsu 214443 P. R. China

Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE) City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University Guizhou 550025 P. R. China

School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China

Istituto di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce 73100 Italy

School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 P. R. China

School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510000 P. R. China

School of Microelectronics Xidian University Xi'an 710071 P. R. China

State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China

School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China

School of Renewable Energy Hohai University Nanjing 210024 P. R. China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality

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