High-Mobility Emissive Polymer Semiconductors: Decoding the Charge–Light Synergy for Multifunctional Optoelectronics

High-mobility emissive polymer semiconductors (HMEPSCs) represent a transformative class of materials that unify the traditionally antagonistic properties of charge transport and light emission. While small-molecule systems have achieved mobilities exceeding 10 cm 2 V –1 s –1 alongside photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of over 40%, polymer semiconductors remain constrained by the fundamental tradeoff between transport extended π-conjugation and emission exciton localization. This Viewpoint summarizes the core molecular design strategies for harmonizing charge–light synergy, analyzes their potential applications in multifunctional optoelectronics, and highlights key challenges and mechanistic controversies. We further propose advanced molecular design methodologies and delineate pathways for their integration into multifunctional devices, bridging the gap between molecular innovation and scalable optoelectronic platforms.