Near-Field Effects on Cathodoluminescence Outcoupling in Perovskite Thin Films

Halide perovskite semiconductors are promising materials for high-efficiency solar cells. Their optical properties can vary within and between crystallographic grains. We present spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy at 2 and 5 keV on polycrystalline CsPbBr 3 perovskite films to study these variations at the nanoscale. The CL maps show a strongly reduced intensity near the polycrystalline grain boundaries. We perform numerical simulations of the far-field emission of the electron beam-generated optical near fields by using the surface profiles from AFM as input. We find that near grain boundaries the light outcoupling is strongly reduced due to enhanced internal reflection and light trapping at the curved surfaces. Lateral variations in CL intensity inside grains are due to Fabry–Pérot-like resonances in the film, with the substrate acting as a back reflector. Our results show that near-field coupling and interference effects can dominate nanoscale luminescence maps of halide perovskite films. The results are broadly relevant for the analysis of CL and the photoluminescence of corrugated thin films.