Semi-Opaque Perovskite Solar Cells for Color-Neutral Photovoltaic Windows

Photovoltaic windows are a promising solution for offsetting the energy load of buildings, which account for a significant portion of global power demand. Realizing this technology requires a solar cell that maintains an adequate balance between power conversion efficiency and visual transmittance while preserving the natural light spectrum entering the building. In this study, semiopaque perovskite solar cells are demonstrated as an effective device architecture toward this goal. Fabricated through a rapid and scalable self-assembly technique, the devices exhibit high color-neutrality and visual clarity while also achieving the highest efficiency color-neutral perovskite solar cells to date within the 20–50% average visible transparency range. A comparative analysis of their electro-optical properties to standard opaque solar cells sheds light on the possible pathways for further improvements toward their practical performance limits.