journal article·2025-01-10Open access

Upgrading Spiro-OMeTAD with β-Chloroethylcarbazole to Improve the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Jialin Wang, Haizhou Lu, Yuhang Liu, Pengyang Wang, Sanlong Wang, Xiyue Dong, Ying Zhao, Yongsheng Liu, Michael Grätzel, Xiaodan Zhang

ACS Energy Letters· Volume 10· Issue 1

Abstract

Spiro-OMeTAD has served as a crucial hole transporting material (HTM) in the advancement of efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the diminished thermal stability of lithium-doped Spiro-OMeTAD (Li-Spiro) has been a limiting factor, leading to a significant decline of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability, particularly at a temperature exceeding 65 °C. Here, we report an upgraded HTM, Spiro-OMeCzCl, by incorporating chloroethyl-modified carbazole units to expand the conjugated area of the donor group. This novel configuration significantly enhances the thermal stability and film quality. The resulting PSCs utilizing Spiro-OMeCzCl achieved a high PCE of 24.6%, coupled with exceptional long-term stability. The target cells maintained approximately 95% of their initial PCE after 57 days under a nitrogen atmosphere. Importantly, in subsequent thermal stability tests involving a gradual temperature increase, the cells sustained an average PCE of over 85% after 200 h at temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 °C.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China

Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China

Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China

Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China

Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China

Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland

Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China

Funding

Nankai University · National Key Research and Development Program of China · Hebei Provincial Key Research Projects · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project · Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

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