Intrinsic Degradation-Dependent Energy Yield Estimates for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells under Field Conditions

Successful commercialization of Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells (P/Si TSCs) needs a priori estimation of technological benchmarks to outperform c-Si based technologies under field conditions. To this end, through detailed numerical simulations and analytical modeling, we unravel a unique scaling law for the evolution of the efficiency and temperature coefficient of P/Si TSCs. Accordingly, we estimate annual energy yields of P/Si tandem solar cells, which account for the daily and seasonal variations in solar spectrum and ambient conditions. Through this, we identify the limits of ion migration and lifetime degradation until which P/Si TSCs remain competitive. These results could be of broad relevance for material/interface engineering approaches and physics-based accelerated tests to ensure long-term stability and module reliability.