In situ Stress Monitoring Reveals Tension and Wrinkling Evolutions during Halide Perovskite Film Formation

Boyu Guo; Mihirsinh Chauhan; Nathaniel R. Woodward; Gabriel R. McAndrews; Gaurab J. Thapa; Benjamin M. Lefler; Ruipeng Li; Tonghui Wang; Kasra Darabi; Michael D. McGehee; Aram Amassian

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02079

journal article·2024-01-12Open access

In situ Stress Monitoring Reveals Tension and Wrinkling Evolutions during Halide Perovskite Film Formation

Boyu Guo, Mihirsinh Chauhan, Nathaniel R. Woodward, Gabriel R. McAndrews, Gaurab J. Thapa, Benjamin M. Lefler, Ruipeng Li, Tonghui Wang, Kasra Darabi, Michael D. McGehee, Aram Amassian

ACS Energy Letters· Volume 9· Issue 1

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Source abstract

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising candidates for next-generation thin film photovoltaics and high-performance tandems. Solution-processed MHP films are susceptible to residual stress that can induce undesirable surface wrinkles. However, the origins and evolution of stress during solution processing remain elusive. In this work, we utilize multimodal in situ characterizations, including substrate curvature, reflectance, absorbance, and photoluminescence, to monitor stress and morphology evolution during MHP film formation. A film formation model emerges, consisting of a perovskite top crust on a semirigid sol with the ability to transfer mechanical forces. The phase transformation induces tension in the MHP crust, while shrinkage of the sol causes additional compression and surface wrinkles. Wrinkle-free films are formed through dynamically balancing forces between the crust and the sol. This study provides a powerful toolkit for the fast-growing area of stress engineering in MHP photovoltaics to achieve dynamic control of film stress and surface morphology.

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Research context

Electronic materials

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States

Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States

Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States

National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11873, United States

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States

Funding

North Carolina State University · Office of Naval Research

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