journal article·2025-02-14Open access

Fluorene-Terminated π-Conjugated Spiro-Type Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Mengde Zhai, Kaihuai Du, Chengyang Liu, Cheng Chen, Guixiang Li, Haoxin Wang, Ziyang Xia, Jinman Yang, Hui Xu, Aili Wang, Toshinori Matsushima, Zhanglin Guo, Meng Li, Antonio Abate, Paul J. Dyson, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Ming Cheng

ACS Energy Letters· Volume 10· Issue 2

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Spiro-OMeTAD is a widely used hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its inherent low hole mobility and poor thermal stability affect the overall performance of PSCs. To overcome these limitations, we develop a series of fluorene-terminated Spiro-type HTMs, engineered by modulating the fluorene substitution site and π-conjugated intensity. Among these, the p -BM material exhibits high energetic ordering in film, appropriate energy levels, and efficient carrier extraction, enabling PSCs to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.5% and 24.03% for aperture areas of 0.0625 and 1 cm 2, respectively. Additionally, a perovskite solar mini-module (size 16 cm 2 ) based on p -BM HTM achieved a PCE of 22.4%. More importantly, p -BM exhibits a high glass transition temperature and enhanced film hydrophobicity, significantly improving the stability of devices in relation to heat and humidity. Our findings provide a promising alternative HTM for developing efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Environment and Safety Engineering

Jiangsu University

International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan

Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization

Yangzhou University

Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany

Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications

Henan University

Funding

Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f?r Materialien und Energie · ?cole Polytechnique F?d?rale de Lausanne · Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Scientific Committee · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Special Foundation for Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province

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