Perovskite Solar Cells: The Birth of a New Era in Photovoltaics

One of the most exciting developments in photovoltaics over recent years has been the emergence of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites as a promising new material for low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics. In record time, confirmed laboratory energy conversion efficiencies have increased from a few percent to over 22%. Although there remains uncertainty as to whether materials with the required stability can be found within the associated material system and whether the presence of Pb in highly soluble form will limit commercial application, it is certain that these perovskite cells will remain the focus of concerted research efforts over the coming decade. The early history of the development of this technology leading to the first perovskite cells is documented as are significant recent developments.