Analyzing the film formation mechanism of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) based on the fast freeze-drying morphology
Source abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discern the film formation mechanism of cellulose nanoparticle suspensions (CNP suspensions) by transforming the film formation process to be a water evaporation process, investigating the fast freeze-drying morphology of CNPs, the resulting natural formation structure, and the relationship of CNPs and water molecules. It was found that an increasing aspect ratio transforms CNPs from the oriented arrangement to a distributed network. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces among CNPs led to a close and interactive film formation process, contributing to various microstructures in the resultant films. High aspect ratios in CNPs hindered the formation of interaction as well as increased absorbed water on CNPs. The interaction among CNPs, and the interaction between CNPs and water molecules were reflected in shear-thinning behavior of CNP suspensions. High aspect ratio CNPs had the capacity of absorbing more immobilized water, partially leading to a higher viscosity. The microstructures of CNP films were fund to be dense without significant layers or holes and varied from the fast freeze-drying morphology, due to the continuous volume reduction in water evaporation. Overall, it is expected that discerning the film formation mechanism of CNPs provide guidance for controlling the film structure and explaining the macroscopic property of the resultant materials.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers · Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (23)
Show source-provided references
1. Branaver S, Emmeff P, Teller E (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309–319. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a02310.1021/ja01269a023 ↗
2. Cheng Y, Schachman K (1955) Studies on the validity of the Einstein viscosity law and Stokes' law of sedimentation. J Polym Sci 16(81):19–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.12016810210.1002/pol.1955.120168102 ↗
3. Chowdhury R, Clarkson C, Youngblood J (2018) Continuous roll-to-roll fabrication of transparent cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) coatings with controlled anisotropy. Cellulose 25(3):1769–1781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1688-410.1007/s10570-018-1688-4 ↗
4. Dent R (1980) A sorption theory for gas mixtures. Polym Eng Sci 20(4):286–289. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.76020041110.1002/pen.760200411 ↗
5. Du L, Zhong T, Wolcott M, Zhang Y, Qi C, Zhao B, Wang J, Yu Z (2018) Dispersing and stabilizing cellulose nanoparticles in acrylic resin dispersions with unreduced transparency and changed rheological property. Cellulose 25(4):2435–2450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1739-x10.1007/s10570-018-1739-x ↗
6. Eichhorn S (2011) Cellulose nanowhiskers: promising materials for advanced applications. Soft Matter 7(2):303–315. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00142b10.1039/c0sm00142b ↗
7. Errokh A, Magnin A, Putaux J, Boufi S (2018) Morphology of the nanocellulose produced by periodate oxidation and reductive treatment of cellulose fibers. Cellulose 25(7):3899–3911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1871-710.1007/s10570-018-1871-7 ↗
8. Espino-Pérez E, Bras J, Almeida G, Plessis C, Belgacem N, Perré P, Domenek S (2018) Designed cellulose nanocrystal surface properties for improving barrier properties in polylactide nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 183:267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.00510.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.005 ↗
9. Ferrer A, Pal L, Hubbe M (2017) Nanocellulose in packaging: advances in barrier layer technologies. Industrial Crops Products 95:574–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.01210.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.012 ↗
10. Fukuzumi H, Saito T, Isogai A (2013) Influence of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril length on film properties. Carbohydr Polym 93(1):172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.06910.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.069 ↗
11. Habibi Y (2014) Key advances in the chemical modification of nanocelluloses. Chem Soc Rev 43(5):1519–1542. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60204d10.1039/c3cs60204d ↗
12. Han J, Zhou C, Wu Y, Liu F, Wu Q (2013) Self-assembling behavior of cellulose nanoparticles during freeze-drying: effect of suspension concentration, particle size, crystal structure, and surface charge. Biomacromol 14(5):1529–1540. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm400173410.1021/bm4001734 ↗
13. Inamochi T, Funahashi R, Nakamura Y, Saito T, Isogai A (2017) Effect of coexisting salt on TEMPO-mediated oxidation of wood cellulose for preparation of nanocellulose. Cellulose 24(9):4097–4101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1402-y10.1007/s10570-017-1402-y ↗
14. Li M, Wu Q, Song K, Lee S, Qing Y, Wu Y (2015) Cellulose nanoparticles: structure-morphology-rheology relationships. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 3(5):821–832. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b0014410.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00144 ↗
15. Lu P, Hsieh Y (2012) Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from rice straw. Carbohydr Polym 87:564–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.02210.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.022 ↗
16. Lu P, Guo M, Xu Z, Wu M (2018) Application of nanofibrillated cellulose on BOPP/LDPE film as oxygen barrier and antimicrobial coating based on cold plasma treatment. Coatings 8(6):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings806020710.3390/coatings8060207 ↗
17. Ma X, Deng Q, Wang L, Zheng X, Wang S, Wang Q, Chen L, Huang L, Ouyang X, Cao S (2019) Cellulose transparent conductive film and its feasible use in perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 9(17):9348–9353. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01301f10.1039/c9ra01301f ↗
18. Mahfoudhi N, Boufi S (2017) Nanocellulose as a novel nanostructured adsorbent for environmental remediation: a review. Cellulose 24(3):1171–1197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1194-010.1007/s10570-017-1194-0 ↗
19. Pircher N, Veigel S, Aigner N, Nedelec M, Rosenau T, Liebner F (2014) Reinforcement of bacterial cellulose aerogels with biocompatible polymers. Carbohydr Polym 111:505–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.02910.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.029 ↗
20. Rampazzo R, Alkan D, Gazzotti S, Ortenzi A, Piva G, Piergiovanni L (2017) Cellulose nanocrystals from lignocellulosic raw materials, for oxygen barrier coatings on food packaging films. Packag Technol Sci 30(10):645–661. https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.230810.1002/pts.2308 ↗
21. Skaar C (1988) Theories of water sorption by wood. springer series in wood science (Chapter 3), 86–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_310.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_3 ↗
22. Sood S, Gupta K, Agarwal S, Dev K, Pathania D (2017) Controlled release of antibiotic amoxicillin drug using carboxymethyl cellulose-cl-poly(lactic acid-co-itaconic acid) hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 101:612–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.10310.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.103 ↗
23. Xia J, Zhang Z, Liu W, Li F, Cao Y, Zhang W, Deng Y (2018) Highly transparent 100% cellulose nanofibril films with extremely high oxygen barriers in high relative humidity. Cellulose 25(7):4057–4066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1843-y10.1007/s10570-018-1843-y ↗