Advances and Challenges of Sensing in Water Using CRISPR-Cas Technology

Abstract The groundbreaking gene-editing mechanism, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), paired with the protein Cas9, has significantly advanced the realms of biology, medicine, and agriculture. Through its precision in modifying genetic sequences, CRISPR holds the potential to alter the trajectory of genetic disorders and accelerate advancements in agriculture. While its therapeutic potential is profound, the technology also invites ethical debates centered on responsible use and equity in access. Parallelly, in the environmental monitoring sphere and sensing in water, especially biosensors have been instrumental in evaluating natural water sources’ quality. These biosensors, integrating biological components with detection techniques, have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by providing rapid and minimally invasive diagnostic methods. However, the design and application of these sensors bring forth challenges, especially in ensuring sensitivity, selectivity, and ethical data handling. This article delves into the prospective use of CRISPR-Cas technology for sensing in water, exploring its capabilities in detecting diverse biomarkers, hazardous substances, and varied reactions in water and wastewater systems.