journal article·2026-04-20

Mold Compensation of Enclosed and Rotational Carbon Fiber Composite Parts: Numerical Simulation and Experiment

Wenjie Xie, Shuting Liu, Xiaozhong Hao, Yingguang Li

Polymer Composites· Volume 47· Issue 8
Publisher page

Abstract

ABSTRACT Curing‐induced distortion (CID) in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite parts presents a significant challenge in the manufacturing of high‐precision parts. While mold compensation techniques have been widely employed for relatively simple geometries like C‐shaped or V‐shaped parts, their applicability to more complex forms, particularly enclosed, rotational structures, remains inadequately investigated. The intricate CID behavior of these geometries poses substantial challenges to effective mold compensation. This study investigates a global mesh‐based mold compensation strategy tailored for enclosed and rotational CFRP parts. The global mesh‐based compensation (GMC) method is defined as a global deviation correction technique, enabling precise and continuous adjustment of each mesh node via a global compensation factor, k . To address the frequent issue of coordinate system reference drift during the compensation of such geometries, an iterative closest point algorithm is integrated into the GMC framework. Numerical simulations and mold compensation procedures are conducted across several representative configurations, demonstrating notable reductions in CID. Further experimental validation on an air‐intake part confirms the method's efficacy, yielding a 69.4% reduction in maximum CID when compared to an uncompensated mold. The results substantiate the proposed mesh‐based compensation method as a robust, accurate, and practical solution for manufacturing high‐precision enclosed and rotational CFRP parts.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Epoxy Resin Curing Processes · Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques · Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China

Funding

Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

References (38)

Show source-provided references
1. Advanced Composite Materials and Aerospace
2. 10.1002/pc.2664810.1002/pc.26648 ↗
3. Roeseler W. G. · 2007 · 1
4. The Application of Composite Materials in Next‐Generation Large Civil Aircraft
5. 10.13111/2066-8201.2013.5.3.1410.13111/2066-8201.2013.5.3.14 ↗
6. 10.3901/JME.2018.03.18610.3901/JME.2018.03.186 ↗
7. G. D.Li “Key Technologies Study on the Design of Autoclave Moulding Tooling for Composite Components” (PhD Thesis Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 2012). (in Chinese).
8. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.10732110.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107321 ↗
9. L. L.Hua “Analysis on Curing Deformation of Composite Components and Optimization of Their Mould Structure” (Master Thesis Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 2021). (in Chinese).
10. 10.1002/pc.2706010.1002/pc.27060 ↗
11. 10.1007/s12221-025-01054-410.1007/s12221-025-01054-4 ↗
12. 10.1002/pc.7012710.1002/pc.70127 ↗
13. 10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.02.03710.1016/j.jmapro.2023.02.037 ↗
14. S. T.Liu “Zoning Self‐Resistance Electric Heating Curing Deformation Control Method for CFRP Components” (PhD Thesis Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 2022). (in Chinese).
15. B.Wucher “Predicting and Compensating Distortions of Composite Parts” (PhD Thesis UCL‐Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve 2016).
16. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.09.01010.1016/j.compositesa.2013.09.010 ↗
17. M.AlejandroandP.Muñoz “Mold Compensation for Thermoset Composites Parts” (Master Thesis University of Liege Liège 2017).
18. 10.1007/s00170-022-10337-610.1007/s00170-022-10337-6 ↗
19. 10.1007/s12221-025-00845-z10.1007/s12221-025-00845-z ↗
20. 10.1007/s12221-023-00377-410.1007/s12221-023-00377-4 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.04510.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.045 ↗
22. Two Remarks on the Method of Successive Approximation
23. 10.1016/0022-247X(79)90024-610.1016/0022-247X(79)90024-6 ↗
24. Bauschke H. H. · 2020 · C1
25. 10.7551/mitpress/8727.003.002210.7551/mitpress/8727.003.0022 ↗
26. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.07.01810.1016/j.compositesa.2007.07.018 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.11.00810.1016/j.compositesa.2009.11.008 ↗
28. 10.1106/YXEA-5MH9-76J5-BACK10.1106/YXEA-5MH9-76J5-BACK ↗
29. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.03.03410.1016/j.compstruct.2015.03.034 ↗
30. A. A.Johnston “An Integrated Model of the Development of Process‐Induced Deformation in Autoclave Processing of Composite Structures” (PhD Thesis University of British Columbia Vancouver 1997).
31. 10.1007/s10999-012-9205-710.1007/s10999-012-9205-7 ↗
32. 10.1177/073168440504355910.1177/0731684405043559 ↗
33. A Numerical Model of Composite Part Curing Deformation Based on Mould‐Part Interaction
34. Study on Simulation Method of Composite Curing Deformation Based on Mould‐Composite Interaction
35. 10.1002/pc.2505910.1002/pc.25059 ↗
36. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.10814410.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108144 ↗
37. Hexcel Corporation · 2024
38. Johnston A. A. · 1997