Synthesis and Characterization for Thermally Treated BaTiO ₃ ‐Embedded PVDF Thin Films for Mechanical, Morphological, Crystallographic, and Piezoelectric Properties

ABSTRACT Optimizing processing conditions offers a simple yet effective pathway to enhance the performance of ceramic particle reinforced Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) thin films for next‐generation biomedical sensors. In this work, we present a systematic study of how PVDF concentration and evaporation temperature, when optimized together, govern the mechanical strength, morphology, and piezoelectric response of Barium Titanate (BaTiO ₃ , BTO)‐reinforced PVDF thin films. Five matrix compositions with PVDF amounts from 5 to 25 wt% and BTO nanoparticle concentration of 15 wt% were made. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity increase with PVDF concentration and evaporation temperature at 20–25 wt% PVDF and 100°C–120°C. Samples' piezoelectric voltage outputs ranged from 140 (Matrix: 5 wt% PVDF/Dimethylformamide [DMF]‐15 wt% BT; Evaporated at 120°C) to 450 mV (Matrix: 15 wt% PVDF/DMF‐15 wt% BT; Evaporated at 120°C). Importantly, this study demonstrates for the first time that an optimum processing window exists, defined by both PVDF concentration and evaporation temperature, which synergistically maximizes charge extraction capability for nonpoled samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that higher PVDF content promoted compact and defect‐free film morphology, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystallinity trends correlating with the observed mechanical and piezoelectric behaviors.