Enhanced Tribological Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites via Synergistic Solid–Liquid Lubrication With Halloysite Nanotubes and Jojoba Oil

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates a novel synergistic lubrication strategy for epoxy resin composites through the combined use of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and jojoba oil. Jojoba oil was loaded into the HNTs through 3 cycles of vacuum decompression. Meanwhile, a portion of the jojoba oil was directly dispersed in the epoxy matrix via mechanical stirring and the micro‐shearing effect of HNTs. Experimental results show the ratio of jojoba oil to HNTs significantly impacts composite properties. The 4JH‐20 composite has the best friction performance, with a 94% lower wear rate and a 71% reduced friction coefficient compared to pure epoxy, but poor mechanical strength. In contrast, the 1JH‐5 composite has strong mechanical performance, with a 23% increase in tensile strength (61 MPa at fracture vs. 47 MPa of unmodified epoxy), yet its friction performance is sub‐par. Overall, the 3JH‐10 composite is the best, balancing good mechanical and excellent friction properties, indicating an optimal jojoba oil‐to‐HNTs ratio. Synergistic mechanisms include an HNTs‐reinforced matrix and a dual‐dispersion strategy combining rapid friction reduction with sustained lubricity, forming a solid–liquid system for high‐performance polymers.