Low‐voltage driven ionic soft actuators based on AMPS‐medicated bacterial cellulose nanofibers

Abstract Ecofriendly high‐performance soft actuators are growing due to the development of intelligent microrobots, flexible wearable technology, and soft robotics. We report an eco‐friendly low‐voltage ionic soft actuator based on bacterial cellulose (BC), ionic liquid (IL), and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). The BC‐IL‐AMPS actuator, characterized by its straightforward fabrication process and expedited prototyping, demonstrates exceptional actuation performances, achieving a large tip displacement of ±12 mm under 0.1 Hz at 1.0 V. Moreover, the actuator exhibits excellent repeatability and endurance with a 98% displacement retention after 2 h. The improved actuation effectiveness stems from the strong synergistic interactions between BC, IL, and AMPS. We have successfully created practical applications, such as bionic fingers, biomimetic manta rays, flexible grippers, and electroactive mechanical arms. The BC‐IL‐AMPS actuator's combination of high performance, sustainability, and simple production heralds a new era in soft actuator technology, offering groundbreaking solutions for soft robotics, biomedicine, and MEMS applications. Highlights A low‐voltage bacterial cellulose ionic actuator. Excellent actuation responses and electrochemical properties. Demonstrating promising bioinspired applications.