Structural properties and mechanical performance of Salvadora persica L. (Miswak) reinforced polypropylene composites

The aim of this study is to put forth the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of Miswak powder reinforced composites and find an inspiration about their availability for diverse applications, from mechanical to medical parts. Polypropylene (PP) matrix and a maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (PP‐g‐MA) copolymer as coupling agent were used. Composites with different Miswak concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) were characterized primarily by tensile and flexural tests, dynamic mechanic analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, goniometer, water uptake and ball‐on‐disc test. The results show that the favorable properties of the composites are enhanced under the influence of Miswak with different concentrations. As a result, taking into consideration the required conditions for high surface energy and effective adhesion at the interface also with adequate mechanical and tribological properties, this is proved in the case of low Miswak concentrations (5 and 10%). A 5% Miswak reinforcement is also found to be effective in wet conditions without a serious surface deterioration which increases its usability in medical parts, as proposed in this study. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E663–E677, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers