Enhancement of Low‐Velocity Impact Damage Tolerance in CFRTP /Titanium Alloy Hybrid Welded/Bolted Joints Driven by Synergistic Consolidation Effect

ABSTRACT To explore the potential application of CFRTP in primary aircraft load‐bearing structures, this study proposes a novel hybrid welded/bolted joining method for heterogeneous CFRTP/titanium alloy structures. Various characterization techniques were employed to investigate the low‐velocity impact response and residual tensile properties of single welded joint (SWJ), single bolted joint (SBJ), and hybrid welded/bolted joint (HWBJ). The results indicate that, compared with SBJ and SWJ, HWBJ exhibits significant advantages in improving stress distribution and controlling local deformation. Specifically, HWBJ demonstrates the lowest peak force (2.45 kN), prolonged load duration (10.23 ms), maximum elastic recovery rate (56.33%), and minimal energy absorption rate (72.76%), highlighting its superior impact damage control capability. This mechanistic advantage directly translates into a smaller delamination damage projection area (245 mm ² ) and a higher post‐impact interfacial failure load (6.60 kN). The synergistic consolidation effect—where welding provides local rigidity while bolting suppresses crack propagation—is considered the key mechanism underlying the superior performance of HWBJ. Overall, this study conclusively underscores the considerable potential of HWBJ as a reliable joining solution, providing both theoretical support and experimental paradigms for innovations in heterogeneous material joining technology, thereby facilitating the advancement of aerospace manufacturing toward high performance and sustainability.