Combined effects of interface modification and nano‐reinforcement via nano‐enhanced interphase in hybrid‐fabric composites for tribological applications

Hybrid Nomex/PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) fabric composites have demonstrated sufficient potential in tribological field due to their prominent mechanical and self‐lubricating capabilities. However, the poor fabric‐matrix interfacial adhesion and weak bonding of transfer‐film to counterface are still the bottlenecks for practical applications of these materials. Herein, growth of ZnO nanowires onto the surface of hybrid Nomex/PTFE fabric based on air‐plasma treatment was developed, aiming at enhancing the fabric‐matrix interfacial performance using a mild hydrothermal method. Mechanical testing showed significant improvement in the interfacial adhesion strength, while retaining the full mechanical strength and flexibility of pristine hybrid‐fabric. More importantly, the ZnO nanowires, released onto the interface during sliding process, participated in the tribo‐physical actions contributing to the formation of a uniform and tenacious transfer‐film. It is thought, therefore, that the ZnO‐enhanced interphase has the dual effects of interface modification and nano‐reinforcement of transfer‐film. As a result, the tribological performance of hybrid‐fabric–ZnO nanowires composites presented a considerable enhancement under varied load conditions. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3383–3392, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers