Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion Between Copper Mesh Heating Element and Polyamide 66 in Induction Welding of Carbon Fiber/Polyamide 66 Composites via Ozone Treatment
Source abstract
Abstract
ABSTRACT Induction welding of thermoplastic composites has emerged as an effective technique for lightweight structural assembly, where metallic mesh heating elements (HEs) enable localized and controllable heating. However, untreated HE exhibits poor compatibility with polymer matrices, resulting in weak interfacial adhesion. In this study, copper mesh HEs were subjected to ozone oxidation treatment for various hours to modify surface characteristics and improve bonding with carbon fiber/polyamide 66 (CF/PA66) composites during induction welding. Surface analysis revealed the progressive formation of Cu 2 O, porous CuO, and Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 layers, which enhanced surface roughness and free energy. The joint fabricated with 5 h treated HE exhibited a maximum lap shear strength (LSS) of 44.8 MPa, showing a 34.9% increase over the untreated sample, attributed to improved wettability and mechanical interlocking from the porous CuO layer. However, excessive oxidation (≥ 7 h) caused decomposition of Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 during welding, generating gases that formed interfacial voids and degraded joint quality. Cross‐sectional and fractographic analysis confirmed a deeper elemental interdiffusion zone and a transition in failure mode from HE debonding failure to HE tearing failure under optimal conditions. These findings demonstrated that ozone treatment of copper mesh was an effective strategy to enhance interfacial bonding performance in thermoplastic composite induction welding.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Material Properties and Applications · Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai Weihai China
Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao‐UCAS Science and Technology Park Binzhou China
Composites Product Division Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Beijing China
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China · Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province · Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-Walled Structures
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. 10.1177/0892705723122282010.1177/08927057231222820 ↗
2. 10.1007/s12008‐022‐01151‐110.1007/s12008‐022‐01151‐1 ↗
3. 10.1016/S1359‐835X(00)00166‐410.1016/S1359‐835X(00)00166‐4 ↗
4. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.06.03010.1016/j.compositesa.2004.06.030 ↗
5. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.11459510.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114595 ↗
6. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.11549010.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115490 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.10839410.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108394 ↗
8. 10.2514/1.3646010.2514/1.36460 ↗
9. 10.1016/S0263‐8223(03)00180‐610.1016/S0263‐8223(03)00180‐6 ↗
10. 10.1002/pc.2800310.1002/pc.28003 ↗
11. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.10867710.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108677 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.10865910.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108659 ↗
13. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.10707410.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107074 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.10722810.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107228 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.02010.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.020 ↗
16. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.11092410.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110924 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.10831810.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108318 ↗
18. 10.1177/146442072097343910.1177/1464420720973439 ↗
19. 10.1002/pc.2671110.1002/pc.26711 ↗
20. 10.1016/S1359‐835X(00)00094‐410.1016/S1359‐835X(00)00094‐4 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.02410.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.024 ↗
22. 10.1177/002199831141298610.1177/0021998311412986 ↗
23. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.02.01210.1016/j.compscitech.2008.02.012 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.01210.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.012 ↗
25. 10.1002/app.4787910.1002/app.47879 ↗
26. 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.11111910.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111119 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.10946310.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109463 ↗
28. 10.1177/0954008321100111510.1177/09540083211001115 ↗
29. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.11121010.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111210 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.11.00510.1016/j.jmapro.2023.11.005 ↗
31. 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.10.03110.1016/j.jiec.2016.10.031 ↗
32. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.06.03310.1016/j.apcatb.2010.06.033 ↗
33. 10.1109/TPS.2009.201545210.1109/TPS.2009.2015452 ↗
34. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.12839010.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128390 ↗
35. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.10.00910.1016/j.compositesa.2005.10.009 ↗
36. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.10.27510.1016/j.ceramint.2023.10.275 ↗
37. 10.3390/antibiotics1311108810.3390/antibiotics13111088 ↗
38. 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.10206410.1016/j.rechem.2025.102064 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.10155110.1016/j.jcou.2021.101551 ↗
40. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.10787610.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107876 ↗
41. 10.1021/j150474a01510.1021/j150474a015 ↗
42. 10.1007/BF0020400910.1007/BF00204009 ↗
43. 10.1002/pc.2919210.1002/pc.29192 ↗