Structure design of nickel‐iron fiber plain fabric for wave absorbing material based on parabolic reflection mechanism

Abstract Fabrics processed with high‐performance fibers exhibit an integration of structure and function, offering superior design flexibility, which makes them ideal for applications in electromagnetic wave shielding, absorbing, and transmission. Based on the parabolic reflection mechanism, this study proposed a design of fibers with a special cross‐section, aiming to construct yarns and woven fabric structures with efficient wave absorbing capabilities. The cross‐section shape of the yarn was a closed curve with the same focus and opposite openings. High permeability metal fibers were positioned at the focal point for efficient absorbing electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the inner side of the cross‐sectional opening was coated with a high‐conductivity metal film, significantly enhancing the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves. Finally, a plain fabric structure sample based on parabolic cross‐section fibers was designed and tested for its microwave absorbing performance. The test results showed that this woven fabric can significantly improve the complex dielectric constant of the material in the low frequencies region (improved by 27%), and effectively increase the complex permeability of the material in the high frequencies region (improved by 131%). It is a plain weave structure with excellent absorbing properties. Highlights Based on the parabolic reflection mechanism, a fabric structure for wave absorbing was proposed first time. Parabolic reflection structure can enhance the fabric absorbing properties by 27 percent. The wave‐absorbing performance of electromagnetic absorbing fabrics can be tailored through the design of parabolic reflective structures.