3D Printed Carbon Fiber Composite for Scalable Piezoresistive Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Thermal Management

ABSTRACT Integrating multifunctionality with Joule heating, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and sensing in fiber‐reinforced polymer composites is of particular interest for aerospace, space shuttle, and unmanned aerial vehicle applications. Most composites struggle to simultaneously optimize high EMI shielding over a wide detection range, high sensitivity for structural health monitoring, and deicing performance at low temperatures. Herein, we report the fabrication of woven carbon fiber (WCF) composites with a vertically grown AgBiS ₂ nanostructure over a WCF‐ and MXene‐dispersed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate using a cost‐effective, rapid, and innovative three‐dimensional printing method. The high electrical conductivity imparted by the AgBiS ₂ /MXene to the WCF/PVDF composites promoted effective Joule heating (84.2°C, at 2 V), which provided the composites with deicing ability. A superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of about 85.7 dB and absolute EMI SE of 1.1 × 10 ⁴ dB cm ² g ⁻¹ was realized for the nanorod (NR)‐WCF 1.0% MXene composite. The EMI SE remained high after exposure to high operating temperatures and severe mechanical wearing. The device exhibited a piezoresistive sensing characteristic with a gauge factor of 16.38. The composites displayed excellent thermal stability, flame resistance, and superior mechanical properties (~109% higher tensile strength compared with bare WCF/PVDF).