Investigation of Energy Absorption and Failure Behavior of MWCNT ‐Reinforced GFRP Panels Under Quasi‐Static and Dynamic Impact Load Conditions

ABSTRACT This study investigates the energy absorption and failure behavior of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐reinforced GFRP laminates under quasi‐static and dynamic impact loads, addressing a critical need to enhance the structural performance of composite materials for advanced applications. Material properties were determined experimentally using ASTM E‐1876 and also predicted analytically using the Modified Rule of Mixture and Halpin–Tsai models, showing strong agreement. Numerical simulations performed using ABAQUS/Explicit employed Hashin failure criteria to analyze energy absorption, load response, and failure mechanisms comprehensively. This research introduces a novel approach that combines nanoscale reinforcement, optimized ply configurations, and pre‐stress conditions to improve the load‐bearing performance of GFRP laminates. Among the tested configurations, the [0/90] _4S laminate showed the best performance under quasi‐static loading. The [0/30] _4S laminate exhibited the lowest performance. The addition of MWCNTs to the [45/0/−45/90] _2S laminate significantly enhanced its response, which was further improved with the application of pre‐stress conditions. Under dynamic impact loading, the boundary condition without pre‐stress exhibited the greatest resistance. Consistent displacement and failure behaviors across tests confirmed the structural integrity and reliability of the reinforced laminates. These advancements offer significant potential for applications demanding superior energy absorption, resistance to dynamic loading, and enhanced structural durability, particularly in critical sectors such as aerospace and automotive industries.