Design and fabrication of smart composites using NiTi shape memory alloys: Shape recovery and cyclic performance

Abstract In recent decades, smart composites (SCs) have attracted significant attention for their ability to change shape in response to specific stimuli, making them promising candidates for applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. This study investigates the performance of smart composites made with an NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA), which responds to electrical current by returning to a predetermined shape, embedded in a silicone rubber matrix. Two types of NiTi components—wire and strip—are separately integrated into the composite to evaluate their shape recovery and cyclic performance. The results indicate that the type of NiTi material significantly influences the composite's functional behavior, with NiTi strips outperforming wires in terms of shape recovery and durability. However, wire‐based composites exhibit a faster response time compared to strip‐based composites. These findings highlight the critical role of structural design in optimizing the performance of smart composites for practical applications. Highlights Investigated smart composites with NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) embedded in a silicone rubber matrix. Compared the performance of wire‐ and strip‐based NiTi SMA in shape recovery and cyclic actuation. Strip‐based composites offered greater shape accuracy and durability during repeated use. Wire‐based composites demonstrated faster actuation response times. Structural design of the SMA component significantly affected stress handling, fabrication ease, and overall performance.