Bacterial-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Bioceramic Composites in Clinical Practice: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

This review examines the current advancements in and potential of bioceramic/polyhydroxyalkanoate (BioC/PHA) composites, emphasizing their growing role in biomedical applications. The integration of PHAs─biodegradable, biocompatible polymers from a bacterial origin─with bioceramics like hydroxyapatite or bioglass offers a unique synergy, combining the structural integrity of ceramics with the tunable properties of PHAs. Such composites demonstrate significant promise in bone tissue engineering, cartilage repair, and drug delivery systems, where they support cell attachment, proliferation, and targeted therapeutic release. The review highlights various methods of manufacturing these composites. Additionally, the review addresses challenges in production scalability, cost, and material purification necessary to meet medical-grade standards. Advances in functionalization, such as drug incorporation and bioactive coatings, are discussed as pathways to customized therapeutic solutions. This review underscores the transformative potential of BioC/PHA composites in creating sustainable, multifunctional biomaterials that align with the clinical demands of regenerative medicine and environmentally conscious material science.