DataVXCellulosePaper
journal article·2021-07Open access

Simplification of gel point characterization of cellulose nano and microfiber suspensions

Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador, M. Concepcion Monte, Carlos Negro, Warren Batchelor, Gil Garnier, Angeles Blanco

Cellulose· Volume 28· Issue 11
Publisher pageOpen full text
Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract Nanocellulose is an emerging material that needs to be well characterized to control its performance during industrial applications. Gel point (Øg) is a convenient parameter commonly used to estimate the aspect ratio (AR) of cellulose nano/microfibers (CNFs/CMFs), providing critical information on the nanofiber network. However, its estimation requires many sedimentation experiments, tedious and time consuming. In this study, a simpler and faster technique is presented to estimate Øg, based on one or two sedimentation experiments, reducing the experiments by a factor of at least 2.5. Here, this new methodology is successfully validated by using the Øgof different CNF/CMF hydrogels calculated with the traditional methodology, showing an error lower than 7%. The error in the estimation of the AR is lower than 3% in all cases. Furthermore, the two mathematical models currently used to estimate Øg, the smoothing spline and the quadratic fit, are compared and the mathematical assumptions improved. Graphical abstract
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

PolymersNanomaterials

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls · Biofuel production and bioconversion

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (11)

Show source-provided references
1. Ang S, Haritos V, Batchelor W (2020) Cellulose nanofibers from recycled and virgin wood pulp: a comparative study of fiber development. Carbohyd Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.11590010.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115900 ↗
2. Celzard A, Fierro V, Kerekes R (2009) Flocculation of cellulose fibres: new comparison of crowding factor with percolation and effective-medium theories. Cellulose 16(6):983–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9314-010.1007/s10570-009-9314-0 ↗
3. Kerekes R, Schell C (1992) Regimes by a crowding factor. J Pulp Pap Sci 18(1):J32-38
4. Martinez DM, Buckley K, Jivan S, Lindstrom A, Thiruvengadaswamy R, Olson JA, Ruth TJ, Kerekes RJ (2001) Characterizing the mobility of papermaking fibres during sedimentation. In: The science of papermaking: transactions of the 12th fundamental research symposium, Oxford. The Pulp and Paper Fundamental Research Society, Bury, UK, pp 225–25410.15376/frc.2001.1.225 ↗
5. Nasser MS, James AE (2006) The effect of polyacrylamide charge density and molecular weight on the flocculation and sedimentation behaviour of kaolinite suspensions. Sep Purif Technol 52(2):241–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.04.00510.1016/j.seppur.2006.04.005 ↗
6. Raj P, Batchelor W, Blanco A, Fuente E, Negro C, Garnier G (2016a) Effect of polyelectrolyte morphology and adsorption on the mechanism of nanocellulose flocculation. J Colloid Interf Sci 481:158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.04810.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.048 ↗
7. Raj P, Mayahi A, Lahtinen P, Varanasi S, Garnier G, Martin D, Batchelor W (2016b) Gel point as a measure of cellulose nanofibre quality and feedstock development with mechanical energy. Cellulose 23(5):3051–3064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1039-210.1007/s10570-016-1039-2 ↗
8. Sanchez-Salvador JL, Monte MC, Batchelor W, Garnier G, Negro C, Blanco A (2020a) Characterizing highly fibrillated nanocellulose by modifying the gel point methodology. Carbohyd Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.11534010.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115340 ↗
9. Sanchez-Salvador JL, Balea A, Monte MC, Negro C, Miller M, Olson J, Blanco A (2020b) Comparison of Mechanical and chemical nanocellulose As Additives to Reinforce Recycled cardboard. Sci Rep 10(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60507-310.1038/s41598-020-60507-3 ↗
10. Varanasi S, He R, Batchelor W (2013) Estimation of cellulose nanofibre aspect ratio from measurements of fibre suspension gel point. Cellulose 20(4):1885–1896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9972-910.1007/s10570-013-9972-9 ↗
11. Zhang L, Batchelor W, Varanasi S, Tsuzuki T, Wang X (2012) Effect of cellulose nanofiber dimensions on sheet forming through filtration. Cellulose 19(2):561–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9641-910.1007/s10570-011-9641-9 ↗