Precise control and displacement of polar textures from inhomogeneous and time-dependent electric fields

Since the discovery of polar topological textures, achieving their efficient control and manipulation has emerged as a significant challenge for their integration into nanoelectronic devices. In this study, we use second-principles molecular dynamic simulations to demonstrate the precise and reversible control of domain arrangements stabilizing diverse polarization textures through the application of various inhomogeneous and time-dependent electric fields. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth study of ferroelectric domain motion under such fields, revealing features consistent with creep dynamics and establishing an upper limit for their propagation speed. Notably, our findings show that domain walls exhibit an asymmetric response delay, present at the onset of the dynamics but absent at its end. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamical behavior of polar textures, which are relevant for the development of high-speed, low-power nanoelectronic applications.