MOF-Derived Nanoporous Co ₃ O ₄ Dodecahedrons for Tunable High-Order Harmonic Soliton Pulsed Fiber Laser

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of highly porous crystalline materials composed of metal centers and organic ligands, offering remarkable versatility in catalysis and optoelectronic applications due to their unique structural properties and exceptionally high specific surface areas. A nanostructured Co 3 O 4 -based dodecahedral cone-saturated absorber demonstrates significant nonlinearity at a wavelength of 1550 nm, achieving a modulation depth of 13.1% and a saturation intensity of 10.6 MW/cm 2 . At 1564.6 nm, this material generates soliton pulses with a pulse width of 1.08 ps and a modulation interval of 4 ps. By optimizing the resonator structure, tunable high-harmonic soliton pulses ranging from 4.5 to 333 MHz are realized. The enhanced nanostructured properties of this MOF material play a pivotal role in significantly boosting the performance of fiber lasers, offering enhanced flexibility and adaptability for optical signal transmission. This breakthrough also opens avenues for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices, including ultracompact optical switches, optical memory, and quantum communication technologies, marking a significant step toward the next generation of nanoenabled optoelectronic applications.