journal article·2023-12-22Open access

Design of ohmic contacts between Janus MoSSe and two-dimensional metals

Ning Zhao, Shubham Tyagi, Udo Schwingenschlögl

NPG Asia Materials· Volume 15· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract Two-dimensional semiconductors are considered as channel materials for field-effect transistors to overcome short-channel effects and reduce the device size. As the contacts to the metallic electrodes are decisive for the device performance, we study the electronic properties of contacts between Janus MoSSe and various two-dimensional metals. We demonstrate that weak interactions at these van der Waals contacts suppress Fermi level pinning and show that ohmic contacts can be formed for both terminations of Janus MoSSe, generating favorable transport characteristics.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: 2D Materials and Applications · MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (44)

Show source-provided references
1. Lundstrom, M. Moore’s law forever? Science 299, 210–211 (2003).10.1126/science.1079567 ↗
2. Liu, H. et al. Phosphorene: an unexplored 2D semiconductor with a high hole mobility. Nano Lett. 8, 4033–4041 (2014).
3. Wang, J. et al. High mobility MoS2 transistor with low schottky barrier contact by using atomic thick h-BN as a tunneling layer. Adv. Mater. 28, 8302–8308 (2016).10.1002/adma.201602757 ↗
4. Zhang, H. et al. Ion gel capacitively coupled tribotronic gating for multiparameter distance sensing. ACS Nano 14, 3461–3468 (2020).10.1021/acsnano.9b09549 ↗
5. Fathi-Hafshejani, P. et al. Two-dimensional-material-based field-effect transistor biosensor for detecting COVID-19 Virus (SARS-CoV-2). ACS Nano 15, 11461–11469 (2021).10.1021/acsnano.1c01188 ↗
6. Li, S.-L. et al. Quantitative Raman spectrum and reliable thickness identification for atomic layers on insulating substrates. ACS Nano 6, 7381–7388 (2012).10.1021/nn3025173 ↗
7. Liu, C. et al. Rapid water disinfection using vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms and visible light. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 1098–1104 (2016).10.1038/nnano.2016.138 ↗
8. Zhang, X., Lai, Z., Ma, Q. & Zhang, H. Novel structured transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 3301–3338 (2018).10.1039/C8CS00094H ↗
9. Radisavljevic, B., Radenovic, A., Brivio, J., Giacometti, V. & Kis, A. Single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 147–150 (2011).10.1038/nnano.2010.279 ↗
10. Cui, X. et al. Multi-terminal transport measurements of MoS2 using a Van Der Waals heterostructure device platform. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 534–540 (2015).10.1038/nnano.2015.70 ↗
11. Lu, A. Y. et al. Janus monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 744–749 (2017).10.1038/nnano.2017.100 ↗
12. Yin, W. J., Wen, B., Nie, G. Z., Wei, X. L. & Liu, L. M. Tunable dipole and carrier mobility for a few layer Janus MoSSe structure. J. Mater. Chem. C 6, 1693–1700 (2018).10.1039/C7TC05225A ↗
13. Zhang, K. et al. Enhancement of Van Der Waals interlayer coupling through polar Janus MoSSe. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 17499–17507 (2020).10.1021/jacs.0c07051 ↗
14. Liu, J. et al. Asymmtric schottky contacts in Van Der Waals metal-semiconductor-metal structures based on two-dimensional Janus materials. Research 2020, 6727524 (2020).
15. Fan, Z.-Q., Zhang, Z.-H. & Yang, S.-Y. High-performance 5.1 nm in-plane Janus WSeTe Schottky barrier field effect transistors. Nanoscale 12, 21750–21756 (2020).10.1039/D0NR05269H ↗
16. Brillson, L. J. The structure and properties of metal-semiconductor interfaces. Surf. Sci. Rep. 2, 123–326 (1982).10.1016/0167-5729(82)90001-2 ↗
17. Palsgaard, M., Gunst, T., Markussen, T., Thygesen, K. S. & Brandbyge, M. Stacked Janus device concepts: abrupt pn-junctions and cross-plane channels. Nano Lett. 18, 7275–7281 (2018).10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03474 ↗
18. Bardeen, J. Surface states and rectification at a metal semiconductor contact. Phys. Rev. 71, 717–727 (1947).10.1103/PhysRev.71.717 ↗
19. Mead, C. A. Metal-semiconductor surface barriers. Solid State Electron 9, 1923–1033 (1966).
20. Kim, C. et al. Fermi level pinning at electrical metal contacts of monolayer molybdenum dichalcogenides. ACS Nano 11, 1588–1596 (2017).10.1021/acsnano.6b07159 ↗
21. Liu, Y. et al. Approaching the Schottky-Mott limit in Van Der Waals metal-semiconductor junctions. Nature 557, 696–700 (2018).10.1038/s41586-018-0129-8 ↗
22. Wang, Y. et al. Van Der Waals contacts between three-dimensional metals and two-dimensional semiconductors. Nature 568, 70–74 (2019).10.1038/s41586-019-1052-3 ↗
23. Chuang, S. et al. MoS2 p-type transistors and diodes enabled by high work function MoOx contacts. Nano Lett. 14, 1337–1342 (2014).10.1021/nl4043505 ↗
24. Farmanbar, M. & Brocks, G. Ohmic contacts to 2D semiconductors through Van Der Waals bonding. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2, 1500405 (2016).10.1002/aelm.201500405 ↗
25. Shi, Y. et al. Work function engineering of graphene electrode via chemical doping. ACS Nano 4, 2689–2694 (2010).10.1021/nn1005478 ↗
26. Wang, G., Kim, Y., Choe, M., Kim, T.-W. & Lee, T. A new approach for molecular electronic junctions with a multilayer graphene electrode. Adv. Mater. 23, 755–760 (2011).10.1002/adma.201003178 ↗
27. Britnell, L. et al. Field-effect tunneling transistor based on vertical graphene heterostructures. Science 335, 947–950 (2012).10.1126/science.1218461 ↗
28. Zhang, J. et al. SWCNT-MoS2-SWCNT vertical point heterostructures. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604469 (2017).10.1002/adma.201604469 ↗
29. Shen, T., Ren, J.-C., Liu, X., Li, S. & Liu, W. Van Der Waals stacking induced transition from Schottky to ohmic contacts: 2D metals on multilayer InSe. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 3110–3115 (2019).10.1021/jacs.8b12212 ↗
30. Shen, T. et al. Electric field screening in gate-tunable Van Der Waals 2D-metal/InSe junctions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2207018 (2022).10.1002/adfm.202207018 ↗
31. Mishchenko, A. et al. Twist-controlled resonant tunnelling in graphene/boron nitride/graphene heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 808–013 (2014).10.1038/nnano.2014.187 ↗
32. Campbell, P. M., Tarasov, A., Joiner, C. A., Ready, W. J. & Vogel, E. M. Enhanced resonant tunneling in symmetric 2D semiconductor vertical heterostructure transistors. ACS Nano 9, 5000–5008 (2015).10.1021/nn507174c ↗
33. Zhang, P. et al. Epitaxial growth of metal-semiconductor Van Der Waals heterostructures NbS2/MoS2 with enhanced performance of transistors and photodetectors. Sci. China Mater. 63, 1548–1559 (2020).10.1007/s40843-020-1355-2 ↗
34. Kresse, G. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169–11186 (1996).10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169 ↗
35. Thonhauser, T. et al. Van Der Waals density functional: self-consistent potential and the nature of the Van Der Waals bond. Phys. Rev. B 76, 125112 (2007).10.1103/PhysRevB.76.125112 ↗
36. Liu, J., Shen, T., Ren, J.-C., Li, S. & Liu, W. Role of Van Der Waals interactions on the binding energies of 2D transition-metal-dichalcogenides. Appl. Surf. Sci. 608, 155163 (2023).10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155163 ↗
37. Bjorkman, T. Testing several recent Van Der Waals density functionals for layered. Struct. J. Chem. Phys. 141, 074708 (2014).10.1063/1.4893329 ↗
38. Heyd, J., Scuseria, G. E. & Ernzerhof, M. Screened hybrid density functionals applied to solids. J. Chem. Phys. 124, 219906 (2006).10.1063/1.2204597 ↗
39. Smidstrup, S. et al. First-principles Green’s-function method for surface calculations: a pseudopotential localized basis set approach. Phys. Rev. B 96, 195309 (2017).10.1103/PhysRevB.96.195309 ↗
40. Liu, P.-F., Zhou, L., Tretiak, S. & Wu, L.-M. Two-dimensional hexagonal M3C2 (M = Zn, Cd and Hg) monolayer: novel quantum spin hall insulators and Dirac cone materials. J. Mater. Chem. C 5, 9181–9187 (2017).10.1039/C7TC02739G ↗
41. Zhao, N. & Schwingenschlögl, U. Transition from Schottky to ohmic contacts in Janus MoSSe/germanene heterostructures. Nanoscale 12, 11448–11454 (2020).10.1039/D0NR02084B ↗
42. Riis-Hensen, A. C., Manti, S. & Thygesen, K. S. Engineering atomically sharp potential steps and band alignment at solid interfaces using 2D Janus layers. J. Phys. Chem. C 124, 9572–9580 (2020).10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c01286 ↗
43. Zhao, N. & Schwingenschlögl, U. Dipole-induced ohmic contacts between monolayer Janus MoSSe and bulk metals. NPJ 2D Mater. Appl. 5, 72 (2021).
44. Allain, A., Kang, J., Banerjee, K. & Kis, A. Electrical contact to two-dimensional semiconductors. Nat. Mater. 14, 1195–1205 (2015).10.1038/nmat4452 ↗