Direct synthesis of two-dimensional MoS2 on p-type Si and application to solar hydrogen production
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising two-dimensional (2D) materials, and MoS2 has been specifically utilized in electronic devices and integrated circuits. However, the direct synthesis of MoS2 on traditional semiconductors, such as silicon, remains challenging due to the hydrophobic surface of nonoxide wafers (e.g., Si, GaAs, and InP). Herein, a novel, facile, reliable, and one-step method for the direct synthesis of single-crystal MoS2 on a p-Si wafer via hybrid thermolysis is proposed. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, a MoS2/p-Si heterojunction was fabricated and used for solar-driven hydrogen production. The as-fabricated n-MoS2/p-Si heterojunction exhibited a benchmark current density of −13.5 ± 1 mA/cm2 at 0 V and an onset potential of +0.02 V. This method reliably and efficiently produced high-quality MoS2 crystals on a wafer scale and is sufficiently simple to overcome the challenges associated with previous approaches. The method developed herein represents a tremendous advancement in the fabrication of 2D electronic devices.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: 2D Materials and Applications · MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. Hasani, A., Tekalgne, M., Van Le, Q., Jang, H. W. & Kim, S. Y. Two-dimensional materials as catalysts for solar fuels: hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction. J. Mater. Chem. A 7, 430–454 (2019).10.1039/C8TA09496A ↗
2. Hasani, A. et al. Ammonia-sensing using a composite of graphene oxide and conducting polymer. Phys. Status Solidi Rapid Res. Lett. 12, 1800037 (2018).10.1002/pssr.201800037 ↗
3. Li, X. & Zhu, H. Two-dimensional MoS2: Properties, preparation, and applications. J. Mater. 1, 33–44 (2015).
4. Hasani, A. et al. Poly (3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate)/Iron (III) porphyrin supported on S and N Co-doped graphene quantum dots as a hole transport layer in polymer solar cells. Sci. Adv. Mater. 9, 1616–1625 (2017).10.1166/sam.2017.3181 ↗
5. Shim, Y.-S. et al. Synthesis of numerous edge sites in MoS2 via SiO2 nanorods platform for highly sensitive gas sensor. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 31594–31602 (2018).10.1021/acsami.8b08114 ↗
6. Choi, M. et al. Flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display enabled by MoS2 thin-film transistor. Sci. Adv. 4, 8721 (2018).10.1126/sciadv.aas8721 ↗
7. Choi, G. J. et al. Polarized light-emitting diodes based on patterned MoS2 nanosheet hole transport layer. Adv. Mater. 29, 1702598 (2017).10.1002/adma.201702598 ↗
8. Park, M. et al. MoS2-nanosheet/graphene-oxide composite hole injection layer in organic light-emitting diodes. Electron Mater. Lett. 13, 344–350 (2017).10.1007/s13391-017-1612-3 ↗
9. Hasani, A. et al. The role of metal dopants in WS2 nanoflowers in enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction. Appl. Catal., A. 567, 73–79 (2018).10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.008 ↗
10. Le, Q. V., Nguyen, T. P. & Kim, S. Y. UV/ozone-treated WS2 hole-extraction layer in organic photovoltaic cells. Phys. Status Solidi Rapid Res. Lett. 8, 390–394 (2014).10.1002/pssr.201409165 ↗
11. Deng, S. et al. Phase modulation of (1T-2H)-MoSe2/TiC-C shell/core arrays via nitrogen doping for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. Adv. Mater. 30, 1802223 (2018).10.1002/adma.201802223 ↗
12. Shang, J., Cong, C., Wu, L., Huang, W. & Yu, T. Light sources and photodetectors enabled by 2D semiconductors. Small Methods, 2, 1800019 (2018).
13. Zhou, C. et al. Self‐driven metal–semiconductor–metal WSe2 photodetector with asymmetric contact geometries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1802954 (2018).10.1002/adfm.201802954 ↗
14. Li, X., Wu, S. & Zhu, Z. Band gap control and transformation of monolayer-MoS2-based hetero-bilayers. J. Mater. Chem. C. 3, 9403–9411 (2015).10.1039/C5TC01584G ↗
15. Zhang, W. et al. High-gain phototransistors based on a CVD MoS2 monolayer. Adv. Mater. 25, 3456–3461 (2013).10.1002/adma.201301244 ↗
16. Devers, E., Afanasiev, P., Jouguet, B. & Vrinat, M. Hydrothermal syntheses and catalytic properties of dispersed molybdenum sulfides. Catal. Lett. 82, 13–17 (2002).10.1023/A:1020512320773 ↗
17. Fleischauer, P. D. & Bauer, R. Chemical and structural effects on the lubrication properties of sputtered MoS2 films. Tribology Trans. 31, 239–250 (1988).10.1080/10402008808981819 ↗
18. Li, M.-Y. et al. Epitaxial growth of a monolayer WSe2-MoS2 lateral pn junction with an atomically sharp interface. Science 349, 524–528 (2015).10.1126/science.aab4097 ↗
19. Walton, R. I., Dent, A. J. & Hibble, S. J. In situ investigation of the thermal decomposition of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate using combined time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Chem. Mater. 10, 3737–3745 (1998).10.1021/cm980716h ↗
20. Williams, J., DiCarlo, L. & Marcus, C. Quantum Hall effect in a gate-controlled pn junction of graphene. Science 317, 638–641 (2007).10.1126/science.1144657 ↗
21. Deng, Y. et al. Black phosphorus–monolayer MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction p–n diode. ACS Nano 8, 8292–8299 (2014).10.1021/nn5027388 ↗
22. Liu, X. et al. High response, self-powered photodetector based on the monolayer MoS2/P–Si heterojunction with asymmetric electrodes. Langmuir 34, 14151–14157 (2018).10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02171 ↗
23. Henning, A. et al. Charge separation at mixed-dimensional single and multilayer MoS2/silicon nanowire heterojunctions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 16760–16767 (2018).10.1021/acsami.8b03133 ↗
24. Yan, X. et al. High performance amplifier element realization via MoS2/GaTe heterostructures. Adv. Sci. 5, 1700830 (2018).10.1002/advs.201700830 ↗
25. Hao, L. et al. Electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of MoS2/Si pn junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 114502 (2015).10.1063/1.4915951 ↗
26. Wang, L. et al. MoS2/Si heterojunction with vertically standing layered structure for ultrafast, high-detectivity, self-driven visible-near infrared photodetectors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 2910–2919 (2015).10.1002/adfm.201500216 ↗
27. Kwon, K. C. et al. Wafer-scale transferable molybdenum disulfide thin-film catalysts for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 2240–2248 (2016).10.1039/C6EE00144K ↗
28. Salvatore, G. A. et al. Fabrication and transfer of flexible few-layers MoS2 thin film transistors to any arbitrary substrate. ACS Nano 7, 8809–8815 (2013).10.1021/nn403248y ↗
29. Yang, H. et al. Highly scalable synthesis of MoS2 thin films with precise thickness control via polymer-assisted deposition. Chem. Mater. 29, 5772–5776 (2017).10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01605 ↗
30. Van Ngoc, H., Qian, Y., Han, S. K. & Kang, D. J. PMMA-etching-free transfer of wafer-scale chemical vapor deposition two-dimensional atomic crystal by a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol polymer method. Sci. Rep. 6, 33096 (2016).10.1038/srep33096 ↗
31. Ma, D. et al. Etching-free transfer of wafer-scale MoS2 films. arXiv Prepr. arXiv 1501, 00786 (2015).
32. Ding, Q. et al. Efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation using heterostructures of Si and chemically exfoliated metallic MoS2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 8504–8507 (2014).10.1021/ja5025673 ↗
33. Tsai, M.-L. et al. Monolayer MoS2 heterojunction solar cells. ACS Nano 8, 8317–8322 (2014).10.1021/nn502776h ↗
34. Liu, K.-K. et al. Growth of large-area and highly crystalline MoS2 thin layers on insulating substrates. Nano Lett. 12, 1538–1544 (2012).10.1021/nl2043612 ↗
35. Xi, Y. et al. Fabrication of MoS2 thin film transistors via selective-area solution deposition methods. J. Mater. Chem. C. 3, 3842–3847 (2015).10.1039/C5TC00062A ↗
36. Dumcenco, D. et al. Large-area epitaxial monolayer MoS2. ACS Nano 9, 4611–4620 (2015).10.1021/acsnano.5b01281 ↗
37. Smithe, K. K., Suryavanshi, S. V., Muñoz Rojo, M., Tedjarati, A. D. & Pop, E. Low variability in synthetic monolayer MoS2 devices. ACS Nano 11, 8456–8463 (2017).10.1021/acsnano.7b04100 ↗
38. Zhang, X. et al. Phonon and Raman scattering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides from monolayer, multilayer to bulk material. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 2757–2785 (2015).10.1039/C4CS00282B ↗
39. Jia, X. et al. Sulfur–silicon bond activation catalysed by Cl/Br ions: waste-free synthesis of unsymmetrical thioethers by replacing fluoride catalysis and fluorinated substrates in SN Ar reactions. Green. Chem. 16, 3444–3449 (2014).10.1039/c4gc00535j ↗
40. Kargar, A. et al. NiOx-Fe2O3-coated p-Si photocathodes for enhanced solar water splitting in neutral pH water. Nanoscale 7, 4900–4905 (2015).10.1039/C4NR07074G ↗
41. Benson, J., Li, M., Wang, S., Wang, P. & Papakonstantinou, P. Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on edges of a few layer molybdenum disulfide nanodots. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 14113–14122 (2015).10.1021/acsami.5b03399 ↗