Simulation Studies on External Electric Field-Dependent Anisotropy of Two-Dimensional Fullerene Nanomaterials qTP C₆₀ and qHP C₆₀: Implications for Photoelectric Nanodevices

An external electric field can change the electronic and band structures of 2D nanomaterials, thereby regulating their physical properties and nanodevice functions. In this study, the anisotropy of the nanomaterials quasi-tetragonal phase C 60 (qTP C 60 ) and quasi-hexagonal phase C 60 (qHP C 60 ) under an applied electric field was theoretically evaluated. We investigated the physical mechanisms underlying the changes in the band structure, optical response, Bloch wave function, and electronic structure of the 2D qTP C 60 and qHP C 60 systems under an applied electric field. Our findings reveal that an external electric field can considerably shift the valence and conduction band positions within the band structure. Notably, qTP C 60 and qHP C 60 display remarkable stability and can only transition from a semiconducting state to a conducting state under specific external electric-field intensities. Visualization of the electron density distribution via Bloch wave function analysis of the qTP C 60 and qHP C 60 structures showed dominant influence of the external electric field on the structures and configurations of these systems. Because of such perturbations, the energy band structure changes, affecting the electron distribution and optical response. Additionally, qTP C 60 and qHP C 60 exhibit a surface plasmon effect within a specific wavelength range and can thus be used in photoelectric amplification nanodevices. Overall, our calculations provide a theoretical foundation for the application of qTP C 60 and qHP C 60 in the field of photoelectricity and promote the development and application of fullerene-based materials in the fields of energy storage, optoelectronics, and quantum nanodevices.