All-Solution Processed, Highly Stable MXene/Cu Nanowire Networks for Flexible Transparent Thin-Film Heaters

Copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks are recognized for their excellent electrical conductivity and cost-effectiveness, making them a prime choice for transparent conductors. However, their susceptibility to degradation presents a significant challenge in various applications. In this study, we explore the efficacy of depositing Ti 3 C 2 MXene onto copper nanowire (MXene/Cu NW) networks to enhance the stability and performance of Cu NW-based transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). The results showed a rapid increase in the electrical resistance of bare Cu NW networks within 10 days under ambient conditions, whereas the deposition of Ti 3 C 2 MXene enhanced the stability of the networks up to 10 months under ambient conditions. A significant figure of merit (FoM) of 109 was achieved from the MXene/Cu NW networks compared to only 69 for bare Cu NW networks. The fabricated TCEs also showcased their long-term stability when utilized as transparent thin-film heaters (TTFHs). The TTFHs utilizing MXene/Cu NW networks displayed consistent performance over the course of 1 week when subjected to a bias voltage of 3 V. Furthermore, the TTFHs have also been utilized as flexible human thermotherapy patches and defrosting networks. Our research underscores the potential of MXene/Cu NW electrodes in optoelectronic applications where both high FoM and long-term stability are essential, thereby expanding the possibilities for cost-effective TCEs in a variety of applications.