Highly conducting graphene sheets and Langmuir–Blodgett films
Source abstract
Abstract
Graphene is an intriguing material with properties that are distinct from those of other graphitic systems. The first samples of pristine graphene were obtained by 'peeling off' and epitaxial growth. Recently, the chemical reduction of graphite oxide was used to produce covalently functionalized single-layer graphene oxide. However, chemical approaches for the large-scale production of highly conducting graphene sheets remain elusive. Here, we report that the exfoliation-reintercalation-expansion of graphite can produce high-quality single-layer graphene sheets stably suspended in organic solvents. The graphene sheets exhibit high electrical conductance at room and cryogenic temperatures. Large amounts of graphene sheets in organic solvents are made into large transparent conducting films by Langmuir-Blodgett assembly in a layer-by-layer manner. The chemically derived, high-quality graphene sheets could lead to future scalable graphene devices.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures · Advancements in Battery Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. Nature Mater. 6, 183–191 (2007).10.1038/nmat1849 ↗
2. Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306, 666–669 (2004).10.1126/science.1102896 ↗
3. Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197–200 (2005).10.1038/nature04233 ↗
4. Zhang, Y. B., Tan, Y. W., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201–204 (2005).10.1038/nature04235 ↗
5. Berger, C. et al. Electronic confinement and coherence in patterned epitaxial graphene. Science 312, 1191–1196 (2006).10.1126/science.1125925 ↗
6. Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10451–10453 (2005).10.1073/pnas.0502848102 ↗
7. Berger, C. et al. Ultrathin epitaxial graphite: 2D electron gas properties and a route toward graphene-based nanoelectronics. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19912–19916 (2004).10.1021/jp040650f ↗
8. Dikin, D. A. et al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448, 457–460 (2007).10.1038/nature06016 ↗
9. Stankovich, S. et al. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155–158 (2006).10.1039/B512799H ↗
10. Stankovich, S. et al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45, 1558–1565 (2007).10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034 ↗
11. Gilje, S., Han, S., Wang, M. S., Wang, K. L. & Kaner, R. B. A chemical route to graphene for device applications. Nano Lett. 7, 3394–3398 (2007).10.1021/nl0717715 ↗
12. Li, D., Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B. & Wallace, G. G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nature Nanotech. 3, 101–105 (2008).10.1038/nnano.2007.451 ↗
13. Gomez-Navarro, C. et al. Electronic transport properties of individual chemically reduced graphene oxide sheets. Nano Lett. 7, 3499–3503 (2007).10.1021/nl072090c ↗
14. Wang, X., Zhi, L. J. & Mullen, K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 8, 323–327 (2008).10.1021/nl072838r ↗
15. Bourlinos, A. B. et al. Graphite oxide: chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with primary aliphatic amines and amino acides. Langmuir 19, 6050–6055 (2003).10.1021/la026525h ↗
16. Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. Preparation of graphite oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).10.1021/ja01539a017 ↗
17. Tan, Y. W., Zhang, Y. B., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Temperature dependent electron transport in graphene. Eur. Phys. J. 148, 15–18 (2007).
18. Li, X. L., Wang, X. R., Zhang, L., Lee, S. W. & Dai, H. J. Chemically derived, ultrasmooth graphene nanoribbon semiconductors. Science 319, 1229–1232 (2008).10.1126/science.1150878 ↗
19. Stankovich, S. et al. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442, 282–286 (2006).10.1038/nature04969 ↗
20. Schniepp, H. C. et al. Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8535–8539 (2006).10.1021/jp060936f ↗
21. Yu, A. P., Ramesh, P., Itkis, M. E., Bekyarova, E. & Haddon, R. C. Graphite nanoplatelet–epoxy composite thermal interface materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 7565–7569 (2007).10.1021/jp071761s ↗
22. Niyogi, S. et al. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7720–7721 (2006).10.1021/ja060680r ↗
23. Meyer, J. C. et al. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 446, 60–63 (2007).10.1038/nature05545 ↗
24. Greinke, R. A. et al. Expandable graphite and method. US patent 6416815 B2 (2002).
25. Han, J. H., Cho, K. W., Lee, K.-H. & Kim, H. Porous graphite matrix for chemical heat pumps. Carbon 36, 1801–1810 (1998).10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00150-X ↗
26. Ericson, L. M. et al. Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibres. Science 305, 1447–1450 (2004).10.1126/science.1101398 ↗
27. Liu, Z. H., Wang, Z. M., Yang, X. J. & Ooi, K. Intercalation of organic ammonium ions into layered graphite oxide. Langmuir 18, 4926–4932 (2002).10.1021/la011677i ↗
28. Kam, N. W. S., O'Connell, M., Wisdom, J. A. & Dai, H. J. Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 11600–11605 (2005).10.1073/pnas.0502680102 ↗
29. Hontoria-Lucas, C., Lopez-Peinado, A. J., Lopez-Gonzalez, J. de D., Rojas-Cervantes, M. L. & Martin-Aranda, R. M. Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides: physical and chemical characterization. Carbon 33, 1585–1592 (1995).10.1016/0008-6223(95)00120-3 ↗
30. Kuznetsova, A. et al. Enhancement of adsorption inside of single-walled nanotubes: opening the entry ports. Chem. Phys. Lett. 321, 292–296 (2000).10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00341-9 ↗
31. Blake, P. et al. Graphene-based liquid crystal device. Nano Lett. 8, 1704–1708 (2008).10.1021/nl080649i ↗