Trapping lead in perovskite solar modules with abundant and low-cost cation-exchange resins
Source abstract
Abstract
One major concern for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology is the toxicity of lead from the water-soluble lead halide perovskites that can contaminate the environment. Here, we report an abundant, low-cost and chemically robust cation-exchange resin (CER)-based method that can prevent lead leakage from damaged perovskite solar modules under severe weather conditions. CERs exhibit both high adsorption capacity and high adsorption rate of lead in water due to the high binding energy with lead ions in the mesoporous structure. Integrating CERs with carbon electrodes and layering them on the glass surface of modules has a negligible detrimental effect on device efficiency while reducing lead leakage from perovskite mini-modules by 62-fold to 14.3 ppb in water. The simulated lead leakage from damaged large-area perovskite solar panels treated with CERs can be further reduced to below 7.0 ppb even in the worst-case scenario that every sub-module is damaged.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Advanced battery technologies research · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. NREL, Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (accessed February 2020).
2. Deng, Y. et al. Tailoring solvent coordination for high-speed, room-temperature blading of perovskite photovoltaic films. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax7537 (2019).10.1126/sciadv.aax7537 ↗
3. Extance, A. The reality behind solar power’s next star material. Nature 570, 429–432 (2019).10.1038/d41586-019-01985-y ↗
4. Cheacharoen, R. et al. Encapsulating perovskite solar cells to withstand damp heat and thermal cycling. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2, 2398–2406 (2018).10.1039/C8SE00250A ↗
5. Rong, Y. et al. Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells. Science 361, eaat8235 (2018).10.1126/science.aat8235 ↗
6. Rajagopal, A., Yao, K. & Jen, A. K.-Y. Toward perovskite solar cell commercialization: a perspective and research roadmap based on interfacial engineering. Adv. Mater. 30, 1800455 (2018).10.1002/adma.201800455 ↗
7. Ke, W. & Kanatzidis, M. G. Prospects for low-toxicity lead-free perovskite solar cells. Nat. Commun. 10, 965 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-08918-3 ↗
8. Kamat, P. V., Bisquert, J. & Buriak, J. Lead-free perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett. 2, 904–905 (2017).10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00246 ↗
9. Yang, S. et al. Stabilizing halide perovskite surfaces for solar cell operation with wide-bandgap lead oxysalts. Science 365, 473–478 (2019).10.1126/science.aax3294 ↗
10. Bai, S. et al. Planar perovskite solar cells with long-term stability using ionic liquid additives. Nature 571, 245–250 (2019).10.1038/s41586-019-1357-2 ↗
11. Jiang, Y. et al. Reduction of lead leakage from damaged lead halide perovskite solar modules using self-healing polymer-based encapsulation. Nat. Energy 4, 585–593 (2019).10.1038/s41560-019-0406-2 ↗
12. Lee, J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Park, S. A. & Park, T. Nonaromatic green-solvent-processable, dopant-free, and lead-capturable hole transport polymers in perovskite solar cells with high efficiency. Adv. Energy Mater. 10, 1902662 (2020).10.1002/aenm.201902662 ↗
13. Li, X. et al. On-device lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells. Nature 578, 555–558 (2020).10.1038/s41586-020-2001-x ↗
14. Da̧browski, A., Hubicki, Z., Podkościelny, P. & Robens, E. Selective removal of the heavy metal ions from waters and industrial wastewaters by ion-exchange method. Chemosphere 56, 91–106 (2004).10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.006 ↗
15. Alexandratos, S. D. Ion-exchange resins: a retrospective from industrial and engineering chemistry research. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 388–398 (2009).10.1021/ie801242v ↗
16. Sulaeman, A., Driejana, D. & Hasan, N. Y. Composition of ions and trace metals in rainwater in Bandung city, Indonesia. IPTEK J. Proc. Ser. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2017i6.3310 (2017).10.12962/j23546026.y2017i6.3310 ↗
17. Ropo, M., Schneider, M., Baldauf, C. & Blum, V. First-principles data set of 45,892 isolated and cation-coordinated conformers of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Sci. Data 3, 160009 (2016).10.1038/sdata.2016.9 ↗
18. Ropo, M., Blum, V. & Baldauf, C. Trends for isolated amino acids and dipeptides: conformation, divalent ion binding, and remarkable similarity of binding to calcium and lead. Sci. Rep. 6, 35772 (2016).10.1038/srep35772 ↗
19. Florea, A.-M. et al. Lead (Pb2+) neurotoxicity: ion-mimicry with calcium (Ca2+) impairs synaptic transmission. A review with animated illustrations of the pre- and post-synaptic effects of lead. J. Local Glob. Health Sci. https://doi.org/10.5339/jlghs.2013.4 (2013).10.5339/jlghs.2013.4 ↗
20. Burgess, J. Metal Ions in Solution (Horwood, Chichester, 1978).
21. Razzaq, R., Shah, K. H., Fahad, M., Naeem, A. & Sherazi, T. A. Adsorption potential of macroporous Amberlyst-15 for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Mater. Res. Express 7, 025509 (2020).10.1088/2053-1591/ab6e7a ↗
22. Determining Resistance of Photovoltaic Modules to Hail by Impact With Propelled Ice Balls ASTM E1038-10, (ASTM International, 2019); https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1038.htm
23. Fagiolari, L. & Bella, F. Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 12, 3437–3472 (2019).10.1039/C9EE02115A ↗
24. Meng, F. N. et al. Current progress in interfacial engineering of carbon-based perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 7, 8690–8699 (2019).10.1039/C9TA01364D ↗
25. Mei, A. et al. A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability. Science 345, 295–298 (2014).10.1126/science.1254763 ↗
26. Han, Y. et al. Degradation observations of encapsulated planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells at high temperatures and humidity. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 8139–8147 (2015).10.1039/C5TA00358J ↗
27. Kato, Y. et al. Silver iodide formation in methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with silver top electrodes. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2, 1500195 (2015).10.1002/admi.201500195 ↗
28. Guerrero, A. et al. Interfacial degradation of planar lead halide perovskite solar cells. ACS Nano 10, 218–224 (2016).10.1021/acsnano.5b03687 ↗
29. Sanehira, E. M. et al. Influence of electrode interfaces on the stability of perovskite solar cells: reduced degradation using MoOx/Al for hole collection. ACS Energy Lett. 1, 38–45 (2016).10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00013 ↗
30. Grancini, G. et al. One-year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering. Nat. Commun. 8, 15684 (2017).10.1038/ncomms15684 ↗
31. Chu, Q.-Q. et al. Highly stable carbon-based perovskite solar cell with a record efficiency of over 18% via hole transport engineering. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35, 987–993 (2019).10.1016/j.jmst.2018.12.025 ↗
32. Wu, X. et al. Efficient and stable carbon-based perovskite solar cells enabled by the inorganic interface of CuSCN and carbon nanotubes. J. Mater. Chem. A 7, 12236–12243 (2019).10.1039/C9TA02014D ↗
33. Arora, N. et al. Low-cost and highly efficient carbon-based perovskite solar cells exhibiting excellent long-term operational and UV stability. Small 15, 1904746 (2019).10.1002/smll.201904746 ↗
34. Newbury, D.E. Mistakes encountered during automatic peak identification in low beam energy X-ray microanalysis. Scanning 29, 137–151 (2007).10.1002/sca.20009 ↗
35. Lagergren, S. About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24, 1–39 (1898).
36. Fairley, N. CasaXPS: processing software for XPS, AES, SIMS and more. v. 2, 15, (2016).
37. Blum, V. et al. Ab initio molecular simulations with numeric atom-centered orbitals. Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 2175–2196 (2009).10.1016/j.cpc.2009.06.022 ↗
38. Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865–3868 (1996).10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 ↗
39. Ambrosetti, A., Reilly, A. M., DiStasio, R. A. Jr. & Tkatchenko, A. Long-range correlation energy calculated from coupled atomic response functions. J. Chem. Phys. 140, 18A508 (2014).10.1063/1.4865104 ↗
40. Rossi, M., Chutia, S., Scheffler, M. & Blum, V. Validation challenge of density-functional theory for peptides—example of Ac-Phe-Ala5-LysH+. J. Phys. Chem. A 118, 7349–7359 (2014).10.1021/jp412055r ↗
41. Schubert, F. et al. Exploring the conformational preferences of 20-residue peptides in isolation: Ac-Ala19-Lys + H+ vs. Ac-Lys-Ala19 + H+ and the current reach of DFT. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 7373–7385 (2015).10.1039/C4CP05541A ↗