Show source-provided references
1. Raha S, Pal S. A study on the present environmental scenario due to pollution by conventional energy sources – and remedies: Solar cell with nanotechnology. Strateg Plan Energy Environ. 2010;30(2):8–19.
10.1080/10485236.2010.10132373 ↗2. Wu S, Chen Q, Zhang L, Ren H, Zhou H, Hu L, et al. Wafer-scale nanostructured black silicon with morphology engineering via advanced Sn-assisted dry etching for sensing and solar cell applications. Nanoscale. 2023;15(10):4843–51.
10.1039/D2NR06493F ↗3. Zhao C, Yu S, Tang W, Yuan X, Zhou H, Qi T, et al. Advances in CIGS thin film solar cells with emphasis on the alkali element post-deposition treatment. Mater Rep: Energy. 2023;3(3):100214.
10.1016/j.matre.2023.100214 ↗4. Wei H, Li Y, Cui C, Wang X, Shao Z, Pang S, et al. Defect suppression for high-efficiency kesterite CZTSSe solar cells: Advances and prospects. Chem Eng J. 2023;462:142121.
10.1016/j.cej.2023.142121 ↗5. Chen Y, Zhang M, Li F, Yang Z. Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: Status and future. Coatings. 2023;13(3):649.
10.3390/coatings13030644 ↗6. Ašmontas S, Mujahid M. Recent progress in perovskite tandem solar cells. Nanomaterials. 2023;13(12):1886.
10.3390/nano13121886 ↗7. Sen A, Putra MH, Biswas AK, Behera AK, Groβ A. Insight on the choice of sensitizers/dyes for dye sensitized solar cells: A review. Dye Pigment. 2023;213:111087.
10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111087 ↗8. Ajiboye TO, Kuvarega AT, Onwudiwe DC. Graphitic carbon nitride-based catalysts and their applications: A review. Nano-Struct Nano-Objects. 2020;24:100577.
10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100577 ↗9. Wang Y, Liu L, Ma T, Zhang Y, Huang H. 2D graphitic carbon nitride for energy conversion and storage. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31(34):2102540.
10.1002/adfm.202102540 ↗10. Xavier JR. Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole/graphitic carbon nitride/niobium pentoxide nanocomposite for high-performance energy storage applications. J Appl Polym Sci. 2024;141(15):e55211.
10.1002/app.55211 ↗11. Xavier JR, Vinodhini SP. Facile synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride@polypyrrole/Ta2O5 nanocomposite as supercapacitor with improved electrochemical performance for energy storage applications. J Mater Eng Perform. 2024;33:1–7.
10.1007/s11665-024-09391-w ↗12. Xavier JR, Vinodhini SP. Flexible and high-energy density asymmetrical supercapacitors based on polyindole/GCN/MnO2 nanocomposite for energy storage applications. J Mater Sci. 2023;58(48):18147–68.
10.1007/s10853-023-09176-x ↗13. Li X, Feng Y, Li M, Li W, Wei H, Song D. Smart hybrids of Zn2GeO4 nanoparticles and ultrathin g-C3N4 layers: Synergistic lithium storage and excellent electrochemical performance. Adv Funct Mater. 2015;25(44):6858–66.
10.1002/adfm.201502938 ↗14. Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xie F, Vasileff A, Qiao S-Z. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-derived N-rich graphene with tuneable interlayer distance as a high-rate anode for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Mater. 2019;31(24):1901261.
10.1002/adma.201901261 ↗15. Gujjula SR, Pal U, Chanda N, Karingula S, Chirra S, Siliveri S, et al. Versatile bifunctional Ag@g-C3N4/r-GO catalyst for efficient photo- and electrocatalytic H2 production. Energy Fuels. 2023;37(13):9722–35.
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c00518 ↗16. Bi K, Qin X, Cheng S, Liu S. ZnO/g-C3N4 S scheme photocatalytic material with visible light response and enhanced photocatalytic performance. Diam Relat Mater. 2023;137:110143.
10.1016/j.diamond.2023.110143 ↗17. Naveed AB, Javaid A, Zia A, Ishaq MT, Amin M, Farooqi ZUR, et al. TiO2/g-C3N4 binary composite as an efficient photocatalyst for biodiesel production from jatropha oil and dye degradation. ACS Omega. 2023;8(2):2173–82.
10.1021/acsomega.2c04841 ↗18. Yuan Z, Tang R, Zhang Y, Yin L. Enhanced photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on Co9S8 nanotube array counter electrode and TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructure nanosheet photoanode. J Alloy Compd. 2017;691:983–91.
10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.136 ↗19. Nawas Mumthas IN, Mohamad Noh MF, Arzaee NA, Aadenan A, Ismail AF, Mohamed NA, et al. The γ-radiated g-C3N4 additive for highly conductive electron transport layer in polymer solar cells. Mater Lett. 2022;308:131297.
10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131297 ↗20. Eswaramoorthy N, Rajaram K. 1D graphitic carbon nitride additive modified ZnO electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells: 12.22% power conversion efficiency over 1 cm2 active area. Diam Relat Mater. 2023;136:109917.
10.1016/j.diamond.2023.109917 ↗21. Kong L, Cao X, Liang K, Wang R, Liu J, Shi W, et al. Ultrathin carbon nitride nanosheets with fast interlayer charge transfer: Toward perovskite solar cells. J Phys Chem C. 2023;127(28):13493–502.
10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01687 ↗22. Leal DAA, Shaji S, Avellaneda DA, Martínez JAA, Krishnan B. In situ incorporation of laser ablated PbS nanoparticles in CH3NH3PbI3 films by spin-dip coating and the subsequent effects on the planar junction CdS/CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells. Appl Surf Sci. 2020;508:144899.
10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144899 ↗23. Socol M, Preda N. Hybrid nanocomposite thin films for photovoltaic applications: A review. Nanomaterials. 2021;11(5):1117.
10.3390/nano11051117 ↗24. Li J, Karjule N, Qin J, Wang Y, Barrio J, Shalom M. Low-temperature synthesis of solution processable carbon nitride polymers. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;26(6):1646.
10.3390/molecules26061646 ↗25. Zhu B, Cheng B, Zhang L, Yu J. Review on DFT calculation of s-triazine-based carbon nitride. Carbon Energy. 2019;1(1):32–56.
10.1002/cey2.1 ↗26. Lin Y, Shi H, Jiang Z, Wang G, Zhang X, Zhu H, et al. Enhanced optical absorption and photocatalytic H2 production activity of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure by interfacial coupling: A DFT + U study. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2017;42(15):9903–13.
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.02.172 ↗27. Qian X, Ding J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kan E, et al. Ultrathin molybdenum disulfide/carbon nitride nanosheets with abundant active sites for enhanced hydrogen evolution. Nanoscale. 2018;10(4):1766–73.
10.1039/C7NR07213A ↗28. Koutsouroubi ED, Vamvasakis I, Minotaki MG, Papadas IT, Drivas C, Choulis SA, et al. Ni-doped MoS2 modified graphitic carbon nitride layered hetero-nanostructures as highly efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation. Appl Catal B: Environ. 2021;297:120419.
10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120419 ↗29. Yan M, Jiang Q, Yang L, He H, Huang H. Three-dimensional ternary hybrid architectures constructed from graphene, MoS2, and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. ACS Appl Energy Mater. 2020;3(7):6880–8.
10.1021/acsaem.0c00975 ↗30. Ling F, Li W, Ye L. The synergistic effect of non-metal doping or defect engineering and interface coupling on the photocatalytic property of g-C3N4: First-principle investigations. Appl Surf Sci. 2019;473:386–92.
10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.12.085 ↗31. Ragupathi V, Panigrahi P, Ganapathi Subramaniam N. Bandgap engineering in graphitic carbon nitride: Effect of precursors. Optik. 2020;202:163601.
10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163601 ↗32. Dong G, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Qiu J. A fantastic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) material: Electronic structure, photocatalytic and photoelectronic properties. J Photochem Photobiol C: Photochem Rev. 2014;20:33–50.
10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.04.002 ↗33. Seredych M, Łoś S, Giannakoudakis DA, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Bandosz TJ. Photoactivity of g-C3N4/S-doped porous carbon composite: Synergistic effect of composite formation. ChemSusChem. 2016;9(8):795–9.
10.1002/cssc.201501658 ↗34. Mamba G, Mishra AK. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites: A new and exciting generation of visible light driven photocatalysts for environmental pollution remediation. Appl Catal B: Environ. 2016;198:347–77.
10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.05.052 ↗35. Gong Y, Li M, Li H, Wang Y. Graphitic carbon nitride polymers: promising catalysts or catalyst supports for heterogeneous oxidation and hydrogenation. Green Chem. 2015;17(2):715–36.
10.1039/C4GC01847H ↗36. Alaghmandfard A, Ghandi K. A comprehensive review of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)–metal oxide-based nanocomposites: potential for photocatalysis and sensing. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(2):294.
10.3390/nano12020294 ↗37. Bhanderi D, Lakhani P, Modi CK. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as an emerging photocatalyst for sustainable environmental applications: a comprehensive review. RSC Sustain. 2024;2(2):265–87.
10.1039/D3SU00382E ↗38. Chubenko EB, Kovalchuk NG, Komissarov IV, Borisenko VE. Chemical vapor deposition of 2D crystallized g-C3N4 layered films. J Phys Chem C. 2022;126(9):4710–4.
10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10561 ↗39. Ye L, Wang D, Chen S. Fabrication and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of MoS2/S-doped g-C3N4 heterojunction film. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(8):5280–9.
10.1021/acsami.5b11326 ↗40. Kim M-J, Noh J-Y, Yun TG, Kang M-J, Son DH, Pyun J-C. Laser-shock-driven in situ evolution of atomic defect and piezoelectricity in graphitic carbon nitride for the ionization in mass spectrometry. ACS Nano. 2022;16(11):18284–97.
10.1021/acsnano.2c05993 ↗41. Majdoub M, Anfar Z, Amedlous A. Emerging chemical functionalization of g-C3N4: covalent/noncovalent modifications and applications. ACS Nano. 2020;14(10):12390–469.
10.1021/acsnano.0c06116 ↗42. Nath M, Singh H, Saxena A. Progress of transition metal chalcogenides as efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion. Curr Opin Electrochem. 2022;34:100993.
10.1016/j.coelec.2022.100993 ↗43. Bashir A, Pandith AH, Qureashi A, Malik LA. Fe3S4 nanoparticles wrapped in a g-C3N4 matrix: an outstanding visible active Fenton catalysis and electrochemical sensing platform for lead and uranyl ions. N J Chem. 2023;47(3):1548–62.
10.1039/D2NJ04933C ↗44. Zahid S, Tariq Z, Azhar A, Khan SU, Ali U, Basit MA. Electroanalytical investigation of quantum-dot based deposition of metal chalcogenides on g-C3N4 for improved photochemical performance. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 2022;645:128905.
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128905 ↗45. Li N, Zhou J, Sheng Z, Xiao W. Molten salt-mediated formation of g-C3N4-MoS2 for visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Appl Surf Sci. 2018;430:218–24.
10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.086 ↗46. Fu Y, Liang W, Guo J, Tang H, Liu S. MoS2 quantum dots decorated g-C3N4/Ag heterostructures for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl Surf Sci. 2018;430:234–42.
10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.042 ↗47. He K, Xie J, Li M, Li X. In situ one-pot fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets/NiS cocatalyst heterojunction with intimate interfaces for efficient visible light photocatalytic H2 generation. Appl Surf Sci. 2018;430:208–17.
10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.191 ↗48. Liu Y, Yuan X, Wang H, Chen X, Gu S, Jiang Q, et al. Novel visible light-induced g-C3N4–Sb2S3/Sb4O5Cl2 composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange. Catal Commun. 2015;70:17–20.
10.1016/j.catcom.2015.07.015 ↗49. Lu D, Wang H, Zhao X, Kondamareddy KK, Ding J, Li C, et al. Highly efficient visible-light-induced photoactivity of Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ag/MoS2 ternary photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation and production of hydrogen. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2017;5(2):1436–45.
10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02010 ↗50. Tran Huu H, Thi MDN, Nguyen VP, Thi LN, Phan TTT, Hoang QD, et al. One-pot synthesis of S-scheme MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction as effective visible light photocatalyst. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14787.
10.1038/s41598-021-94129-0 ↗51. Zhang Z, Liu C, Dong Z, Dai Y, Xiong G, Liu Y, et al. Synthesis of flower-like MoS2/g-C3N4 nanosheet heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic reduction activity of uranium(VI). Appl Surf Sci. 2020;520:146352.
10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146352 ↗52. Wang X, Han Y, Liu Y, Yu Y, Ma J, Yang T, et al. Rationally construct of CoSx/MoS2/g-C3N4 double heterojunction with promoting the separation of carriers for enhanced photocatalysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2023;48(8):3048–64.
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.128 ↗53. Cao Y, Alsharif S, El-Shafay AS. Preparation, suppressed the charge carriers recombination, and improved photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/MoS2 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst for tetracycline and dyes degradation upon visible light. Mater Sci Semicond Process. 2022;144:106569.
10.1016/j.mssp.2022.106569 ↗54. Yuan H, Fang F, Dong J, Xia W, Zeng X, Shangguan W. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production based on laminated MoS2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 2022;641:128575.
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128575 ↗55. Kumar A, Singh P, Nguyen V-H, Van Le Q, Ahamad T, Thakur S, et al. Rationally constructed synergy between dual-vacancies and Z-scheme heterostructured MoS2-x/g-C3N4/Ca-α-Fe2O3 for high-performance photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole antibiotic from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J. 2023;474:145720.
10.1016/j.cej.2023.145720 ↗56. Liu H, Liang J, Shao L, Du J, Gao Q, Fu S, et al. Promoting charge separation in dual defect mediated Z-scheme MoS2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity: synergistic effect insight. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;594:124668.
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124668 ↗57. Shi X, Fujitsuka M, Kim S, Majima T. Faster electron injection and more active sites for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution in g-C3N4/MoS2 hybrid. Small. 2018;14(11):1703277.
10.1002/smll.201703277 ↗58. Shi L, Ding W, Yang S, He Z, Liu S. Rationally designed MoS2/protonated g-C3N4 nanosheet composites as photocatalysts with an excellent synergistic effect toward photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. J Hazard Mater. 2018;347:431–41.
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.010 ↗59. Zhu K, Luan X, Matras-Postolek K, Yang P. 2D/2D MoS2/g-C3N4 layered heterojunctions with enhanced interfacial electron coupling effect. J Electroanal Chem. 2021;893:115350.
10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115350 ↗60. Hu X, Zeng X, Liu Y, Lu J, Yuan S, Yin Y, et al. Nano-layer based 1T-rich MoS2/g-C3N4 co-catalyst system for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity. Appl Catal B: Environ. 2020;268:118466.
10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118466 ↗61. Liang H, Yu M, Guo J, Zhan R, Chen J, Li D, et al. A novel vacancy-strengthened Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bp/MoS2 composite for super-efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. Sep Purif Technol. 2021;272:118891.
10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118891 ↗62. Liang J, Chen D, Yao X, Zhang K, Qu F, Qin L, et al. Recent progress and development in inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots for photoelectrochemical applications. Small. 2020;16(15):1903398.
10.1002/smll.201903398 ↗63. Dong CR, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zeng H. Halide perovskite materials as light harvesters for solar energy conversion. EnergyChem. 2020;2(1):100026.
10.1016/j.enchem.2020.100026 ↗64. Shamsi J, Urban AS, Imran M, De Trizio L, Manna L. Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals: synthesis, post-synthesis modifications, and their optical properties. Chem Rev. 2019;119(5):3296–348.
10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00644 ↗65. Cheng R, Jin H, Roeffaers MBJ, Hofkens J, Debroye E. Incorporation of cesium lead halide perovskites into g-C3N4 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. ACS Omega. 2020;5(38):24495–503.
10.1021/acsomega.0c02960 ↗66. Huang H, Pradhan B, Hofkens J, Roeffaers MBJ, Steele JA. Solar-driven metal halide perovskite photocatalysis: design, stability, and performance. ACS Energy Lett. 2020;5(4):1107–23.
10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00058 ↗67. Tuc Altaf C, Rostas AM, Popa A, Toloman D, Stefan M, Demirci Sankir N, et al. Recent advances in photochargeable integrated and all-in-one supercapacitor devices. ACS Omega. 2023;8(50):47393–411.
10.1021/acsomega.3c07464 ↗68. Liu Z, Zhu Y, El-Demellawi JK, Velusamy DB, El-Zohry AM, Bakr OM, et al. Metal halide perovskite and phosphorus doped g-C3N4 bulk heterojunctions for air-stable photodetectors. ACS Energy Lett. 2019;4(9):2315–22.
10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01339 ↗70. Wang X, Blechert S, Antonietti M. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride for heterogeneous photocatalysis. ACS Catal. 2012;2(8):1596–606.
10.1021/cs300240x ↗71. Liu Y, Ma Z. Combining g-C3N4 with CsPbI3 for efficient photocatalysis under visible light. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 2021;628:127310.
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127310 ↗72. Sheng Y, Zhao A, Yu L, Yuan S, Di Y, Liu C, et al. Highly efficient charge transfer between perovskite nanocrystals and g-C3N4 nanosheets. Phys Status Solidi. 2020;257(12):2000198.
10.1002/pssb.202000198 ↗73. Bai Z-J, Mao Y, Wang B-H, Chen L, Tian S, Hu B, et al. Tuning photocatalytic performance of Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite by g-C3N4 for C(sp3) – H bond activation. Nano Res. 2023;16(5):6104–12.
10.1007/s12274-022-4835-z ↗74. Bresolin B-M, Sgarbossa P, Bahnemann DW, Sillanpää M. Cs3Bi2I9/g-C3N4 as a new binary photocatalyst for efficient visible-light photocatalytic processes. Sep Purif Technol. 2020;251:117320.
10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117320 ↗75. Wang Y, Huang H, Zhang Z, Wang C, Yang Y, Li Q, et al. Lead-free perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6@g-C3N4 Z-scheme system for improving CH4 production in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Appl Catal B: Environ. 2021;282:119570.
10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119570 ↗76. Ou M, Tu W, Yin S, Xing W, Wu S, Wang H, et al. Amino-assisted anchoring of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots on porous g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57(41):13570–4.
10.1002/anie.201808930 ↗77. Romani L, Speltini A, Dibenedetto CN, Listorti A, Ambrosio F, Mosconi E, et al. Experimental strategy and mechanistic view to boost the photocatalytic activity of Cs3Bi2Br9 lead-free perovskite derivative by g-C3N4 composite engineering. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31(46):2104428.
10.1002/adfm.202104428 ↗78. Liu Z, Wu S, Yang X, Zhou Y, Jin J, Sun J, et al. The dual interfacial modification of 2D g-C3N4 for high-efficiency and stable planar perovskite solar cells. Nanoscale Adv. 2020;2(11):5396–402.
10.1039/D0NA00613K ↗79. Liu WW, Liu YC, Cui CY, Niu ST, Niu WJ, Liu MC, et al. All-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency by exploiting lone pair electrons via passivation of crystal boundary using carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets. Mater Today Energy. 2021;21:100782.
10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100782 ↗80. Jiang L-L, Wang Z-K, Li M, Zhang C-C, Ye Q-Q, Hu K-H, et al. Passivated perovskite crystallization via g-C3N4 for high-performance solar cells. Adv Funct Mater. 2018;28(7):1705875.
10.1002/adfm.201705875 ↗81. Cao W, Lin K, Li J, Qiu L, Dong Y, Wang J, et al. Iodine-doped graphite carbon nitride for enhancing photovoltaic device performance via passivation trap states of triple cation perovskite films. J Mater Chem C. 2019;7(40):12717–24.
10.1039/C9TC04264D ↗82. Li Z, Wu S, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Zhu Z. Improving photovoltaic performance using perovskite/surface-modified graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction. Sol RRL. 2020;4(3):1900413.
10.1002/solr.201900413 ↗83. Wang Y, Zou J, Zhao C, Jiang H, Song Y, Zhang L, et al. Building a charge transfer bridge between g-C3N4 and perovskite with molecular engineering to achieve efficient perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024;16(11):13815–27.
10.1021/acsami.3c19475 ↗84. Hemasiri NH, Ashraf M, Kazim S, Graf R, Berger R, Ullah N, et al. Interface tweaking of perovskite solar cells with carbon nitride-based 2D materials. Nano Energy. 2023;109:108326.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108326 ↗85. Cao W, Zhang J, Lin K, Qiu L, Li J, Dong Y, et al. Redox engineering of spiro-OMeTAD based hole transport layer enabled by ultrathin Co(III)-grafted carbon nitride nanosheets for stable perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy. 2022;104:107924.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107924 ↗86. Xie F, Dong G, Wu M, Wu K, Huang C, Du S, et al. Iodine-doped g-C3N4 modified zinc titanate electron transporting layer for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2023;635:159–66.
10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.098 ↗