journal article·2025-11-17Open access

Efficient MAPbI 3 and FA based mixed perovskite solar cells with a linear or a carbon ring based antisolvent

Anjali Chandel, Jia-Ren Wu, Po-Wen Tang, Sheng Hsiung Chang

Nanotechnology· Volume 36· Issue 46

Abstract

Abstract Material properties of the high-quality MAPbI 3 (FAPbI 3 ) based thin films were optimized using a linear ether (diethyl ether (DE)) and an aromatic hydrocarbon (chlorobenzene (CB)) as antisolvents in order to understand the photovoltaic performance of resultant solar cells. We found that the miscible and immiscible antisolvents influenced the nucleation kinetics and crystal growth of the perovskite thin films, thereby determining the photovoltaic responses. The photovoltaic responses of the MAPbI 3 and FAPbI 3 based solar cells are better when the miscible CB and immiscible DE are used as the antisolvent, respectively. It is noted that a high power conversion efficiency of 20.8% can be achieved in the FA based mixed perovskite solar cells fabricated with the immiscible DE. The findings from this study should assist in establishing reproducible fabrication processes for various perovskite-related solar cells.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (49)

Show source-provided references
1. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites: a theoretical and experimental perspective10.1002/adma.201502294 ↗
2. Organometallic halide perovskites: sharp optical absorption edge and its relation to photovoltaic performance10.1021/jz500279b ↗
3. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber10.1126/science.1243982 ↗
4. Comparative study on the excitons in lead-halide-based perovskite-type crystals CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI310.1016/S0038-1098(03)00566-0 ↗
5. Long-range balanced electron-and hole-transport lengths in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI310.1126/science.1243167 ↗
6. Direct observation of long electron-hole diffusion distance in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin film10.1038/srep14485 ↗
7. Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides10.1038/s41586-023-05825-y ↗
8. Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: status and future10.3390/coatings13030644 ↗
9. Recent strategies for high-performing indoor perovskite photovoltaics10.3390/nano13020259 ↗
10. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2025 Best Research-Cell Efficiencies Chart
11. Recent progress in stability of perovskite solar cells10.1088/1674-4926/38/1/011002 ↗
12. Improved charge extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells with dual-site-binding ligands10.1126/science.adm9474 ↗
13. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells10.1021/ja809598r ↗
14. CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/fullerene planar-heterojunction hybrid solar cells10.1002/adma.201301327 ↗
15. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells10.1038/nature12340 ↗
16. Enhancement of perovskite-based solar cells employing core–shell metal nanoparticles10.1021/nl4024287 ↗
17. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapor deposition10.1038/nature12509 ↗
18. The impact of energy alignment and interfacial recombination on the internal and external open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells10.1039/C9EE02020A ↗
19. On the relation between the open-circuit voltage and quasi-Fermi level splitting in efficient perovskite solar cells10.1002/aenm.201901631 ↗
20. Unraveling the high performance of tri-iodide perovskite absorber-based photovoltaics with a non-polar solvent washing treatment10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.002 ↗
21. Interplay between nucleation and crystal growth during the formation of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films and their application in solar cells10.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.011 ↗
22. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 55)10.1002/pip.3228 ↗
23. Effects of anti-solvent (iodobenzene) volume on the formation of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films and their application in photovoltaic cells10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.123 ↗
24. A fast deposition-crystallization procedure for highly efficient lead iodide perovskite thin-film solar cells10.1002/anie.201405334 ↗
25. Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41586-022-05268-x ↗
26. Passivation of the buried interface via preferential crystallization of 2D perovskite on metal oxide transport layers10.1002/adma.202103394 ↗
27. Reducing the MAPbI3 microstrain by fast crystallization10.1016/j.joule.2025.101964 ↗
28. Vacuum-assisted thermal annealing of CH3NH3PbI3 for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells10.1021/nn505978r ↗
29. Influence of organic cations on high-performance CH3NH3PbI3 based photovoltaics10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.045 ↗
30. Insights into the increased degradation rate of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells in combined water and O2 environments10.1039/C7TA06841G ↗
31. Review of recent progress in chemical stability of perovskite solar cells10.1039/C4TA04994B ↗
32. Structural and excitonic properties of the polycrystalline FAPbI3 thin films, and their photovoltaic responses10.1088/1361-6528/ad7f5b ↗
33. Improved photovoltaic performance of un-doped FAPbI3 thin film based solar cells via de-trapping excitons10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.046 ↗
34. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w ↗
35. Chemi-structural stabilization of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite by using embedded quantum dots10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02450 ↗
36. Revealing phase evolution mechanism for stabilizing formamidinium-based lead halide perovskites by a key intermediate phase10.1016/j.chempr.2021.07.011 ↗
37. Stable α‐FAPbI3 in inverted perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 22% via a self‐passivation strategy10.1002/adfm.202200174 ↗
38. Organometallic-functionalized interfaces for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells10.1126/science.abm8566 ↗
39. On the role of solution-processed bathocuproine in high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2021.02.047 ↗
40. Advances in intermediates for the solution-processing of perovskite films10.31635/ccschem.023.202302989 ↗
41. Effects of drying time on the formation of merged and soft MAPbI3 grains and their photovoltaic responses10.1039/D2NA00929C ↗
42. Effects of bendable P3CT polymer layer on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells10.1088/1361-6528/ace367 ↗
43. Additive-free, low-temperature crystallization of stable α-FAPbI3 perovskite10.1002/adma.202107850 ↗
44. Crack-free perovskite layers for high performance and reproducible devices via improved control of ambient conditions during fabrication10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.135 ↗
45. Stable and reproducible 2D/3D formamidinium-lead-iodide perovskite solar cells10.1021/acsaem.8b01964 ↗
46. Regioregularity effects of p-type P3CT-Na polymers on inverted perovskite photovoltaic cells10.1016/j.orgel.2022.106449 ↗
47. Hidden polymorphism of FAPbI3 discovered by Raman spectroscopy10.1039/D1CP00102G ↗
48. Crystal stabilization of -FAPbI3 perovskite by rapid annealing method in industrial scale10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.107 ↗
49. Cuzzupe · Sci. Rep. · 2022 · 1210.1038/s41598-022-14452-y ↗