Constructed Self-Powered Electrostatic Nanofiber Membrane Coupled Piezoelectricity with Adhesive Strategy and Its Application in Efficient Capture of Bioaerosol

Among bioaerosols, viral aerosols, characterized by their small size (<300 nm), prolonged atmospheric suspension, and high infectivity, pose significant environmental and public health risks, particularly in densely populated or poorly ventilated areas. Herein, we developed an efficient method for viral aerosol capture and subsequent quantification based on an electrostatic adhesive nanofibrous membrane, which was fabricated by synergistically combining piezoelectric BaTiO3-doped polystyrene with a polydopamine (PDA) surface coating. Conventional biosamplers are typically limited to flow rates below 6 L min-1 for efficient virus capture. In contrast, the designed self-powered electrostatic fiber membrane maintains >90% capture efficiency at flow rates up to 15 L min-1, exhibiting a maximum static voltage of about 2 V under airflow disturbance. The PDA coating provides humidity-resistant capture, maintaining an efficient capture efficiency under different atmospheric conditions (relative humidity ranging from 40%-90%), further confirming the environmental adaptability of these home-made fibrous membranes. Moreover, under actual atmospheric conditions, the capture performance of these membranes surpasses commercial ones. Molecular dynamics simulation further proved that PDA coating could significantly enhance virus-binding affinity, and the captured virus can be efficiently eluted under mild acidic conditions. This breakthrough enables effective viral aerosol capture and subsequent quantification for environmental monitoring.