journal article·2026-07-15Open access

Tiered Evaluation of Carbosilane Dendrimer–siRNA Nanoplatform from Single-Cell Biocompatibility to Blood-Brain Barrier Model Dynamics and Murine Alzheimer Model Behavior Assessment

Serafin Zawadzki, Elżbieta Okła, Sylwia Michlewska, Radosław Bednarek, Paula Ortega López, F. Javier de la Mata, Juris Jansons, Dace Skrastina, Madara Kreišmane, Vladimirs Piļipenko, Baiba Jansone, Maksim Ionov, Maria Bryszewska, Katarzyna Miłowska

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 18· Issue 27

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Blood–brain barrier (BBB) transport remains a primary constraint on achieving predictable central nervous system exposure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapeutics, motivating the evaluation of delivery platforms with barrier-resolved and functionally relevant end points. We assessed a carbosilane dendrimer (G3Si PEG6000) and its siRNA dendriplex using a tiered, upstream strategy spanning cell internalization, DNA damage screening, BBB model integrity and permeability, and in vivo AD-relevant murine model learning. At the cellular level, the dendrimer enhanced intracellular siRNA-associated signal with predominantly cytoplasmic localization, and siRNA complexation attenuated genotoxicity relative to the noncomplexed carrier. In a BBB triculture model, barrier function was preserved without sustained transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) loss, and complementary tracer flux readouts showed time- and formulation-dependent, nonmonotonic changes, including TEER–permeability decoupling consistent with nonuniform perturbation and time-dependent changes in barrier-associated paracellular responses. In APOE4 knock-in mice, dendriplex treatment increased platform-zone crossings in the Morris Water Maze probe trial, whereas target-quadrant time showed only a modest, nonsignificant trend. Collectively, these integrated results indicate that siRNA complexation improves the BBB-relevant safety-performance balance of G3Si PEG6000 and supports further studies that directly link brain exposure and target engagement to cognitive outcomes.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers · RNA Interference and Gene Delivery · Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., Lodz 90-236, Poland

Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Matejki 21/23, Lodz 90-237, Poland

Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland

Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics

Medical University of Lodz

Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, IQAR

University of Alcalá

Networking Research Center on Bioengineering

Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)

Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS)

Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str 1 k-1, Riga 1067, Latvia

Department of Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 3, Riga 1067, Latvia

Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 2 Dabrowskiego Sq, Plock 09-402, Poland

Funding

Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad · Narodowe Centrum Nauki

References (70)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1111/pin.1252010.1111/pin.12520 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41392-024-01911-310.1038/s41392-024-01911-3 ↗
3. 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.03210.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.032 ↗
4. 10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00288-510.1016/S0022-510X(02)00288-5 ↗
5. 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00434.x10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00434.x ↗
6. 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.7610.1038/jcbfm.2013.76 ↗
7. 10.1111/bpa.1200410.1111/bpa.12004 ↗
8. 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.4410.1038/jcbfm.2015.44 ↗
9. 10.1038/nrn311410.1038/nrn3114 ↗
10. 10.1093/brain/awac17410.1093/brain/awac174 ↗
11. 10.1002/14651858.CD001190.pub310.1002/14651858.CD001190.pub3 ↗
12. 10.2165/00003495-200666110-0001510.2165/00003495-200666110-00015 ↗
13. 10.1007/s40265-021-01569-z10.1007/s40265-021-01569-z ↗
14. 10.1056/NEJMoa221294810.1056/NEJMoa2212948 ↗
15. 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.279310.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2793 ↗
16. 10.1038/nature1932310.1038/nature19323 ↗
17. 10.1080/13543784.2019.162732510.1080/13543784.2019.1627325 ↗
18. 10.3389/fnagi.2021.81121010.3389/fnagi.2021.811210 ↗
19. 10.1186/s40035-025-00478-510.1186/s40035-025-00478-5 ↗
20. 10.3389/fnagi.2023.125864010.3389/fnagi.2023.1258640 ↗
21. 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf20010.1093/braincomms/fcaf200 ↗
22. 10.1093/brain/awaa17910.1093/brain/awaa179 ↗
23. 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.04010.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.040 ↗
24. 10.1177/0271678X21104612910.1177/0271678X211046129 ↗
25. 10.1007/s10654-019-00498-210.1007/s10654-019-00498-2 ↗
26. 10.1007/s00401-022-02431-610.1007/s00401-022-02431-6 ↗
27. 10.1001/jama.1997.0355016006904110.1001/jama.1997.03550160069041 ↗
28. 10.1038/s41586-020-2247-310.1038/s41586-020-2247-3 ↗
29. 10.1038/s43587-021-00073-z10.1038/s43587-021-00073-z ↗
30. 10.1172/JCI3666310.1172/JCI36663 ↗
31. 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.02.00110.1016/j.mattod.2020.02.001 ↗
32. 10.1039/D5NR02548F10.1039/D5NR02548F ↗
33. 10.1007/s11051-021-05175-810.1007/s11051-021-05175-8 ↗
34. 10.3389/fbioe.2020.0016610.3389/fbioe.2020.00166 ↗
35. 10.1038/s41598-024-51238-w10.1038/s41598-024-51238-w ↗
36. 10.1038/s41598-025-23355-710.1038/s41598-025-23355-7 ↗
37. 10.1021/acsami.5c1295210.1021/acsami.5c12952 ↗
38. 10.1007/978-1-4939-7187-9_610.1007/978-1-4939-7187-9_6 ↗
39. 10.1177/109158181454996110.1177/1091581814549961 ↗
40. 10.1105/tpc.2.4.27910.1105/tpc.2.4.279 ↗
41. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02202.x10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02202.x ↗
42. 10.1038/3588810.1038/35888 ↗
43. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80620-010.1016/S0092-8674(00)80620-0 ↗
44. 10.1038/3507810710.1038/35078107 ↗
45. 10.1056/NEJMoa171615310.1056/NEJMoa1716153 ↗
46. 10.1021/ja505986a10.1021/ja505986a ↗
47. 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.50352010.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503520 ↗
48. 10.2147/IJN.S8730710.2147/IJN.S87307 ↗
49. 10.1038/s41598-021-87560-w10.1038/s41598-021-87560-w ↗
50. 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2025.50386710.1016/j.mrgentox.2025.503867 ↗
51. 10.1038/s41551-024-01250-210.1038/s41551-024-01250-2 ↗
52. 10.1152/physrev.00050.201710.1152/physrev.00050.2017 ↗
53. 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.0034010.15406/ppij.2021.09.00340 ↗
54. 10.1177/221106821456102510.1177/2211068214561025 ↗
55. 10.1186/s12951-023-01798-210.1186/s12951-023-01798-2 ↗
56. 10.1186/2045-8118-10-510.1186/2045-8118-10-5 ↗
57. 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00340.x10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00340.x ↗
58. 10.3727/00000000778346473110.3727/000000007783464731 ↗
59. 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00823.x10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00823.x ↗
60. 10.1007/7651_2020_31110.1007/7651_2020_311 ↗
61. 10.3390/mps501001710.3390/mps5010017 ↗
62. 10.1371/journal.pone.021487610.1371/journal.pone.0214876 ↗
63. 10.3390/ijms2214767710.3390/ijms22147677 ↗
64. 10.1371/journal.pone.029976410.1371/journal.pone.0299764 ↗
65. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.10811910.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108119 ↗
66. 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.11512310.1016/j.bbr.2024.115123 ↗
67. 10.3389/neuro.07.004.200910.3389/neuro.07.004.2009 ↗
68. 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.01110.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.011 ↗
69. 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.05.00810.1016/j.bbr.2008.05.008 ↗
70. 10.1101/lm.030031.11210.1101/lm.030031.112 ↗