A Highly Sensitive, Ultrawide-Range Temperature–Pressure Dual-Mode Sensing Platform for Battery Health and Marine Monitoring

Dual-mode sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity, wide detection range, linearity, and stable temperature response are highly desirable for monitoring in extreme environments. Here, we report a temperature–pressure dual-mode sensor that leverages a synergistic enhancement mechanism, combining the ion pump effect of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with the strain-regulated conductive pathways of few-layer graphene (FLG) to boost sensitivity. The high rigidity of h-BN and the stress-dispersing role of FLG ensure mechanical stability under high load, withstanding 11200 and 6000 cycles at 1 and 6 MPa, respectively. As a result, the device achieves a record-high sensitivity of 4771.2 kPa –1 with a detection limit up to 10 MPa. Meanwhile, the platinum serpentine electrode temperature sensor fabricated via magnetron sputtering exhibits highly linear (R 2 = 0.9993) and stable response characteristics within the temperature range of −20 to 140 °C after annealing treatment, with negligible pressure interference. This sensor is successfully applied to monitor lithium-ion battery expansion and deep-sea waves, capturing high-quality time-resistance–temperature sensing data. To further validate the sensor’s data utility and achieve precise prediction of battery thermal behavior, we constructed a deep learning model based on the Informer architecture. This model enables high-precision short-time temperature prediction (MAE = 4.2 °C, range accuracy = 97.36%) using the sensor-acquired data, ultimately proving the scalability of this dual-mode sensing platform in high-performance multimodal sensing under extreme conditions.