A High-Sensitivity MXene Tactile Sensor with Dynamic Point-Contact Networks for a Wearable Healthcare Device

The self-stacking of the MXene material can diminish its interlayer spacing and active surface area, thereby diminishing the sensitivity and response speed of pressure sensors. Here, we introduce a high-performance flexible tactile sensor utilizing a composite of MXene, polystyrene (PS) microspheres, and bacterial cellulose (BC). PS microspheres are integrated within the MXene nanosheet layers to mitigate the self-stacking. By employing an innovative point-to-point conductive network design, the self-aggregation issue of MXene materials is effectively mitigated, leading to the formation of dynamic point-contact structures among PS microspheres. This configuration notably enhances detection sensitivity within the low-pressure range to 568.8 kPa –1 (20–200 Pa). Furthermore, the incorporation of BC enhances the interfacial bonding strength through hydrogen bonding, thereby enhancing sensor stability. The sensor exhibits a rapid response time of 29 ms, a wide detection range of up to 0–50 kPa, a low limit of detection of 2 Pa, and consistent signal stability over 20,000 cycles. It has demonstrated the capability to monitor a broad spectrum of physiological activities, including joint movements, facial microexpressions, and radial pulse. Integration with wireless transmission technology enables remote health monitoring, flexible touch keyboard functionality, and human–computer interaction. Additionally, the electromyography (EMG) skin sensor based on the MXene/PS/BC (MPB) composite film accurately distinguishes muscle movements, gestures, acoustic vibrations, and facial microexpressions by detecting surface EMG signals. This comprehensive approach offers a comprehensive solution for wearable medical devices that combine high sensitivity with practicality.