Latticed Cd ²⁺ Doping for Enhanced Ionic Transport in Li ₂ ZrCl ₆ Solid-State Electrolytes toward High-Performance All-Solid-State Batteries

Halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have emerged as a compelling research focus for advanced all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs), driven by their concurrent possession of exceptional oxidation stability and remarkable mechanical deformability. While Li 2 ZrCl 6 (LZC) has attracted significant attention for its cost-effectiveness and material abundance, its practical application remains a major challenge due to lower ionic conductivity. Herein, we reported a series of Cd 2+ -doped lithium-rich superionic conductors Li 2+2 x Zr 1– x Cd x Cl 6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2), which collectively adopted a Li 3 YCl 6 -like trigonal structure. The incorporation of Cd 2+ ions, which possess a lower charge and larger ionic radius, enhanced carrier concentration and caused anisotropic lattice expansion. Specifically, Li 2.1 Zr 0.95 Cd 0.05 Cl 6 (LZC-5Cd) exhibited the highest ionic conductivity (9.8 × 10 –4 S cm –1 ) at 30 °C while simultaneously broadening the electrochemical window to 4.11 V. The ASSLBs configuration featuring the LiCoO 2 cathode, LZC-5Cd electrolyte, and Li–In anode demonstrated superior reversible capacity (161.4 mAh g –1 at 0.1 C) within the wide potential range of 2.5–4.3 V and remarkable cycling stability (80.69% capacity retention over 250 cycles at 2 C). In this regard, this work presented a cost-effective structural engineering strategy that simultaneously boosted ionic conductivity and broadened the working potential range to provide a potential model for the large-scale application of halide-based ASSLBs.